The Development of Motor Skills in babies/Young Children Free Essays

Presentation: A child’s prior encounter and condition impact their future turn of events, wellbeing and prosperity. It is perceived that children’s improvement happens in stages and that they need the correct backings to basic period in their life to accomplish their possibilities. In the event that a kid doesn't procure aptitude the way he/she should, at that point there are sure factors that are answerable for that, they include: low birth weight, rashly, birth injury, inability, ceaseless disease, postponed advancement, absence of child rearing information. We will compose a custom paper test on The Development of Motor Skills in babies/Young Children or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Be that as it may, if a youngster is guided against the expressed above as far as autonomy, great critical thinking abilities, and positive self-idea, these thus are impacted by engine aptitude obtaining. Aptitude securing identifies with formative expertise and these includes zone, for example, net engine, fine engine, self improvement, social, language and subjective advancement abilities. Physiotherapists have specialists in the advancement of gross engine abilities, which is correspondingly on positive self-idea. The connection between expertise advancement and wellbeing/prosperity is hard to characterize in a scholastically thorough manner. Studies including an assortment of kids with unique needs have exhibited that engine aptitudes and positive self idea are basic to children’s capacity to take an interest at school (Jongmans et every one of the 1996). Little information plainly characterize the boundaries of engine coordination challenges in kids. Different evaluations of seriousness and co dismalness appear to exist. A few youngsters have just a generally minor type of engine dyscoordination, while others have related learning inabilities, consideration deficiency, and different challenges. In 1996, fox and loaned found that, rather than the basic conviction that youngsters develop out to these troubles, they will in general wait without mediation. Early mediation is gainful when the cerebrum is changing significantly during the principal year of life and new associations and capacities are procured. Way Physiology: Engine coordination is the result of an intricate arrangement of intellectual and physical procedures that are frequently underestimated in kids who are growing typically, smooth, directed and exact development both gross and fine, require the amicable working of tangible info, focal preparing of this data in the mind and coordination with the high official cerebral capacities, for example infringement, inspiration, engine arranging of a movement. Additionally gained is the presentation of a specific engine design. These components must work in a planned and fast manner to empower complex development including various pieces of the body. Strong Tone: Strong tone alludes to the essential and steady continuous withdrawal or solid action in the muscles. It tends to be comprehended as a standard or foundation level. Tone might be ordinary, excessively low, or excessively high. In the event that a strong tone is excessively high, kids show up to some degree hardened and don't move in smooth and common manner. Net Motor abilities: Net engine aptitudes allude to the capacity of youngsters to do exercises that require huge muscles or gathering of muscles. It acts in a planned manner to achieve a development or a progression of developments. Stances are a significant component to consider in the appraisal of gross engine aptitudes. Fine Motor Skills: Fine engine abilities are the development of little muscles that demonstration in a composed and reasonable manner, for example, hand, feet and so forth, and the muscle in the head, to achieve increasingly troublesome and sensitive errands. Fine engine are the premise of coordination, which start with moving from hand to intersection the midline when matured a half year. Tangible Integration: This alludes to working of the cerebrum, i.e., how to oversee sources of info and produces yield. Yield incorporates engine reactions. Every kid has a one of a kind profile of reaction to tangible upgrades. Youngsters with engine troubles frequently have issues in the mix of tangible information. Strategy SECTION: Exploration has demonstrated that youngsters who discover playing out certain engine task troublesome, baffling or even incomprehensible frequently become disheartened and along these lines keep away from these errand by and large. Possible evasion of testing physical errand in a youngster who buckle down on drawing or composing with poor outcome is reasonable. Articulation of Problems: Youngsters are unique in relation to one another both when they are youthful and after they develop, they are diverse in light of the fact that they were raised in an unexpected way. Some were hit, some were most certainly not. Some got tyrant child rearing, some tolerant, some definitive, some were latrine prepared early and brutally, some were left to cry in the bunk and some were snuggle, thus it went. Here, accentuation will be on youngster and appropriate toileting, his/her mentality and general information. Furthermore, on this note will achieve the speculation as expressed underneath: H0: There is a connection between a kid prior prepared on toileting and his  â â â â â â general disposition. Hello: There is no connection between a youngster prior prepared on toileting and theâ general mentality . Discoveries: The scientist utilized essential information since it was straightforwardly from the field in their unique state. Elementary schools and day cares focuses were visited and the meeting was unstructured to empower the questioner enter profound and follow unexpected signs. Since it was just meeting technique that was utilized, two grade schools and multi day care focuses were visited since the accentuation is on engine expertise which is tied in with instructing a youngster early. The aggregate of nine educators in grade schools and twelve caretakers in day care focuses were talked with, giving a sum of twenty one instructors. As delineated in the table beneath: The above table shows that out of 21 journalists, 15 of them concurred that legitimate toileting is better from youth, as the kid will be molded to it, which spoke to 71.4 percent, while 6 reporters said that whether the youngster is prepared or not, he/she will act as per the quality or what the companion bunch thought them. This spoke to 28.6 percents. Conversation: kids delicate reactions towards toileting isn't programmed yet had preparing forms That guardians has a great deal of tasks to carry out as in acquainting the kid with appropriate toileting from 3months old enough That if a kid is appropriately prepared on toileting, will be molded to it That if a kid isn't prepared before enough, would letter the earth anytime. Furthermore, that tidiness is close to purity This is lion's share conclusions and ought to be hold fast to, since it is expressed here, that tidiness is close to righteousness and unremitting toileting prompts extended ailment, just as shames to the guardians. Conversation SECTION The indication portrayed above depends on the presumption that kids have chance to rehearse engine exercises in the event that they are being educated. Youngsters require at least introduction and practice to create ability with scissors and drawing. A youngster who is eminently ignored or not presented to normal physical errands may have physical deficiencies therefore. Essential perspective in engine improvement are presentation to assignments, guardian who perceive the child’s formative needs, the open door for the kid to be shown abilities, fitting incitement of the youngster, and an open door for the kid to create and rehearse new developments. These perspectives have been named the dynamic hypothesis of engine improvement, which hypothesizes that kids grow new engine aptitudes as they are required, contingent upon the communications with nature and on the difficulties parented. Practice, understanding, and condition are significant determinants of improvement, notwithstanding the child’s characteristic hereditary limits. Advancement is formed by a procedure of determination in which youngsters create development collections that are ideal for working in their particular ecological conditions. At the point when the condition is not kidding and observable to everybody, the youngster is destined to be defamed at school and regularly at home. Youngsters with engine coordination troubles frequently feel embarrassed about their poor capacity to play out any engine assignments, particularly those required to take part in sports and to accomplish aptitudes in schools. The clinical image of engine coordination issues is surveyed from a formative perspective, i.e., by thinking about typical physical limits at various ages. Assessment of a child’s improvement incorporates a thought of individual variety, by figuring in the scope of time at which engine aptitudes, for instance are ordinarily obtained. Youthful newborn children keep up flexor tone in the initial scarcely any long periods of life and just slowly create expansion designs. Additionally newborn children with engine challenges are frequently postponed in accomplishing achievement, for example, theâ ability to turn over, to sit with assistance, and to sit without assistance. Newborn children with engine issues will most likely be unable to continue their weight following a half year when upheld under their arms. So failure for a youngster to create in engine abilities show from early stages, third long stretches of life, preschool and school matured kids, hereditary and natural variables among others. Basically, assessment of a child’s improvement remembers a thought of individual variety by figuring for the scope of time at which engine abilities, for instance, are typically procured. Assessing the general advancement of a youngster is best, considering the qualities style and quality and shortcomings of every kid. REFERNCES: Jongmans M, Demeter JD, Dubowitz L and Henderson SE (1996): How Local is the Impact of explicit learning troubles in untimely children’s assessment of their fitness. Diary of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry 37: 563-568. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/915251-review H

Global Warming Essay Essay

The possibility of worldwide became predominant when the world started industrializing. As the notoriety of vehicles developed and mechanical processing plants started to jump up the air quality endured. The issue was not perceived in light of the fact that, beside a couple of orange skies, there were no conspicuous impacts. In spite of the fact that nowadays we can perceive what an unnatural weather change is doing to our Earth, there are as yet those individuals who accept that people are too little to even consider making an effect. An unnatural weather change is over and over again set aside for later, and things that appear to be progressively significant are made need. Anyway an unnatural weather change is attached back to those things that appear to be a need. The Earth is our home and ought to be put first. New York Times, Marjorie Connelly cites Bernice Schneiderman, â€Å"Economic development is significant, yet in the event that we don’t deal with nature, we won’t be here to appreciate it,† If we are continually concentrating on the economy or different issues, the Earth will arrive at a moment that it is not, at this point inhabitable. In spite of the fact that this is a significant issue â€Å"31 percent believed an unnatural weather change to be a characteristic marvel, and 10 percent didn't acknowledge the possibility of an Earth-wide temperature boost at all.† (Marjorie Connelly). More than 40% of the populace doesn't understand that our planet is in a difficult situation. This rate is without a doubt so politically tied. â€Å"18 percent of Republicans didn't think a dangerous atmospheric devation was real† and â€Å"sixty-one percent of democrats said a worldwide temperature alteration was causing an effect now,†. Regularly the moderate Republican Party will in general be a more established gathering of individuals, while the Democrat Party is comprised of an a lot more youthful gathering of individuals. Obviously â€Å"those 65 and more seasoned expected to see no effect from worldwide warming†, their time is short so they have no motivation to think about the environmental change. Anyway strangely, â€Å"Many more youthful individuals expected, (to see sway from a worldwide temperature alteration) including 50 percent of those under 30.† It is the more youthful individuals who care, since they are the ones who will endure if som ething isn't done to stop environmental change. In spite of the fact that the democrats are not paying heed to the environmental change, the Pentagon is. Lisa Freidman and Climate Wire report that â€Å"The Pentagon discharged a milestone report (yesterday) announcing environmental change a ‘immediate risk’†. In the event that the administration feels this unequivocally about environmental change why don’t we? In addition to the fact that they care, they are taking care of business. Safeguard secretary Chuck Hagel â€Å"embraced up and coming U.N. dealings in Lima Peru, planned for building up another worldwide agreement† and â€Å"leaders would like to see a draft develop at the Lima Climate talks in December.† Officials, for example, Chuck Hagel know that environmental change doesn't simply mean hotter temperatures, however that â€Å"climate change is a ‘threat multiplier’†. One of the chain responses that will happen is the conspicuous ascending of ocean levels. Rising ocean levels implies that costal army installations will be overflowed, leaving them â€Å"vulnerable† and it will â€Å"complicate observation and surveillance capability†. What might our country come to if each costal army installation was no more? Nations would be increasingly helpless against fear mongering and assaults and, those couple of, yet influential individuals who don't put stock in an Earth-wide temperature boost are permitting this to occur. Other than fear based oppression and assaults, an unnatural weather change would likewise make restricted assets. 2014 environmental Change Adaption Roadmap warms that â€Å"climate change could leave effectively feeble countries increasingly powerless, from limiting food and water to convincing mass migration.† This is the reason it is critical for us to take care of the a dangerous atmospheric devation emergency. This doesn't involve hotter summers and colder winters, it is life and conceivable passing for many individuals. Environmental change is a to a great extent discussed subject, yet there is clear and unmistakable verification of its belongings. Despite the fact that the change isn't happening for the time being, Brad Plumer in â€Å"The Washington Post† composes â€Å"the worldwide normal is changing over a more drawn out period.† The impacts of an Earth-wide temperature boost are clear in the Annual Global Temperature Anomalies; the records kept from 1950-2012 show an undeniable upward pattern (The Washington Post). Despite the fact that winters despite everything exist, each ice rack has not softened, we despite everything have â€Å"La Niã ±a† years, a definitive pattern shows that the Earth is getting hotter. The inquiry is, what is causing this general increment in temperature? The appropriate response is that people are adding abundance carbon dioxide to the environment and â€Å"Climate researchers are very certain that in the event that we continue adding carbon di oxide to the air, thatâ will trap more warmth in the Earth’s surface and the worldwide normal temperature will keep on ascending over time.† (Brad Plumer). Carbon dioxide is a huge factor in the environmental change however it isn't the main source. Different things that impact the Earth’s temperature are characteristic occasions, for example, â€Å"El Niã ±o and La Niã ±a cycles†¦volcanoes†¦ air contamination. There are changes in sunlight based movement thus forth.† (Brad Plumer). In spite of the fact that people are not by any means the only purpose of a dangerous atmospheric devation we are making the environmental change increasingly extraordinary. Since we live on this planet it is significant for us to deal with it, so whatever nature tosses at us won't be the end on mankind. â€Å"The IPCC says that substantial precipitation occasions in the Northern Hemisphere are relied upon to increment as the planet warms up. Be that as it may, that expectation is for all seasons, not simply winter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This means is there will be outrageous climate conditions; it will be coming down vigorously in one piece of the world and another part experience an extraordinary dry spell. This will impact assets, food and clean water for individuals, and the general prosperity of the humankind. Another impact of a dangerous atmospheric devation is that it will cause the fly streams that help to warmth and cool our planet to change altogether. This again will make our planet heat up even more,† we’ll still observe record cool fronts in the United States as the planet warms up. They’ll simply become less regular after some time, while record heat waves will turn out to be progressively common.† The proof of a dangerous atmospheric devation is directly before us. On the other side, albeit numerous individuals entire heartedly have faith in environmental change, their contention is about as tough as the supposed â€Å"melting† icy masses. The first of numerous deficiencies in the environmental change hypothesis and battle is that they don't unveil all data. In Donna Edmund’s article â€Å"Man-made Climate Change is a Myth† she cites climate station organizer John Coleman saying â€Å"your just speakers are two individuals who keep on introducing bombed science as if it is the last and complete story,† concerning the Hammer Forum on Climate Change. The way that these discussions and associations are fail to recognize logical data against their contention is amazingly concerning. Would they be able to be purposefully concealing things from general society? When Edmund raises the significant point that â€Å"The polar ice is expanding, not softening endlessly. Polar Bears are expanding in numbers. Warmth waves have really decreased not increase.† The individuals whoâ are contending for environmental change don't have an any grounds to be taken seriously. This demonstrates the battle to demonstrate environmental change is all the more a political development as opposed to an endeavor to spare nature. Before any of that sounds remotely persuading, where is their genuine proof? Those contending against the reality of an Earth-wide temperature boost have no solid realities, however numerous assessments, some may even say obliviousness. Environmental change is something that will be bantered as long as there is cash to have and capacity to be picked up. Anyway it is critical to know the intentions behind and contention before you side with one. The rationale behind demonstrating environmental change and taking care of business is to spare the Earth and everybody on it. This is matter of adoring each other enough to secure our planet. What lengths would you go to, to secure the fate of your youngsters and your grandkids? List of sources Connelly, Marjorie. â€Å"Global Warming Concerns Grow.† The New York Times 22 Sept. 2014 Edmunds, Donna R. â€Å"Man-made Climate Change Is a Myth.† Weather.com. The Weather Channel, 24 Oct. 2014 â€Å"Efforts to End Shark Finning Make Progress.† 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. Friedman, Lisa. â€Å"Immediate Risk to National Security Posed by Global Warming.† ClimateWire 14 Oct. 2014 Plumer, Brad. â€Å"The Washington Post.† Can Global Warming Be Real If It’s Cold in the U.S.? Um†¦yes! (January 6)

The first of the lasts

The first of the lasts Although I do make active attempts to avoid goopiness and introspection, sometimes they creep into my life nonetheless. (Im the daughter of a woman who cries at telephone commercials, and Im actively trying to avoid my fate as a hopeless goop myself. Im not being particularly successful I cried at every single movie I saw in theatres in 2005. While this includes legitimately sad movies like Star Wars, it also encompasses completely not-sappy movies like March of the Penguins and Sahara.) Today was my last Registration Day, when all MIT students visit their advisors to confirm their course schedules for the upcoming term. My advisor, Earl Miller, was out of town today, so the Brain and Cognitive Sciences undergraduate administrator, Jason, signed my form and double-checked with me that Ive taken care of all my graduation requirements. On my way to turn in my form (to the lovely Jessie, I might add), I ran into my friend Akhil 05 MEng 06, who is the only other person from my high school to ever get into MIT. As we were gossiping about people with whom we went to high school, our friend Laura 06 caught up with us. Were all graduating, so naturally the conversation turned to our plans for next year. Akhil is getting his masters in course 6 (EECS) in June, and has accepted a position with an investment banking firm in Chicago. Laura is getting a bachelors degree in course 6 (EECS) and one in course 15 (management), and is going to law school she currently has acceptances from NYU and Georgetown, and is waiting on others. Im getting two bachelors degrees one in course 9 (brain and cognitive sciences) and one in course 7 (biology), and Im heading to a PhD program in biology. And its all super-weird. Life gets very different very fast as you go through your senior year something many of you are probably realizing as you go through your senior year of high school but its even weirder in college. All the juniors are still worried about grades and parties and whos going to be president of which club next year and my friends and I are looking at our honest-to-goodness grown-up futures. We still have one foot in the college world, but were starting to realize that we have one foot in the real world (insofar as graduate school is the real world, of course). And it makes me feel excited well, excited and scared. Not to mention extraordinarily grateful for the education Ive received at MIT which has prepared me for these awesome PhD programs which are recruiting me, but really, were going to leave the rest of that thought for a later day. (If I get started on all the things MIT has done for me as a student and as a person, Im really not going to be able to stanch the flow of goop.) Okay, were done with sentimentality for the day. Onward to more pressing matters! Questions! 1. Thanks everybody for your birthday wishes! I had a good birthday, but Im awfully glad to be back in Boston. (And Bryan, Ghirardelli Square was most definitely a stop on our SF tour. Right after the Fishermans Wharf sea lions.) Doesnt 22 sound awfully dignified? 2. Aditya asked Is the program composed of self-starters, with very little peer pressure to work hard, or do students in the program encourage each other to work hard? Id love an answer to that relevant to MIT.. Actually, I was planning to write on that tonight (before sentimentality about this being my last Reg Day set in) I think thats a very important topic that few people really seem to consider. Next time, I promise! 3. Sam (not this Sam) asked when you can start a UROP. You can definitely start one in your first term at MIT, providing that you can find a faculty member who wants to work with you. Generally, people who start UROPs in their first term have prior research experience, although my Adam 07 started UROPing his first term freshman year, and hed never researched before. Starting the summer before freshman year might be a little trickier (just because youd have to make sure you could move into MIT campus housing early), but again, if you find a professor whos willing to take you, it shouldnt be a problem. 4. Shannon asked if Adam and I are engaged. No, were not (although I just said to Adam, One of my blog readers asked if we were engaged, and his response was Pretty much.) However, by the end of 2006 I think the answer to that question will be quite different. :) (Oh god, so much goop in one entry. Its killing me.) 5. Shen said I know about that having a masters degree in the pure sciences really doesnt amount to much (particularly since my chem teacher has both a BS and PhD but not an MS), but how about engineering? In engineering, a masters degree is much more useful in fact, in many disciplines, you need a masters to get competitive engineering jobs. You wouldnt get a PhD in engineering, though, unless you wanted to become a professor. 6. Anonymous asked, I was just wondering, how much time did you spend in the lab during a typical week? Thanks! During IAP and summer, I work in the lab 40 hours a week. During term, it depends on how many classes Im taking sophomore year I worked about 10-12 hours a week, junior year I worked about 15, and this term Im actually going to be working about 18-20. (I like working in the lab. To be honest, I like working in the lab better than I like taking classes.)

Discrimination and Child - 1723 Words

SCMP3-1.1 How current and relevant legislation and policy affects work with children and young people. Children’s individual needs Quality of care Choice of service Management staffing Complaints protections Plan to support child, working in partnership with social worker and adhere to policies. Individual needs are met. To maximise the chance of positive outcomes for children. All of the policies and procedures by which I work are defined by The Childrens Act 1989 which legislates for England and Wales. All our Safeguarding measures, Health and Safety policies and Child protection procedures must follow the relevant legislations. As a children’s residential home we have to follow The National Minimum Standards too and it is these†¦show more content†¦Use team meetings to openly discuss and any concerns or issues Whistle blow to head of Social Services, Head Teacher at school etc., dependent on who the complaint is about. SCMP3-3.1 The professional responsibility to maintain current and competent practice. Follow legislations and policies making sure they are clear, precise and up to date. Keep all children’s records confidential and all life story work up to date. Update CPD and follow all training. Attend reviews i.e. LAC; PEP; IPP etc. Attend support groups. Ensure child has regular dental checks and is referred to a specialist if required for other welfare issues. SCMP3-3.2 Engage with professional supervision in order to improve practice. See attached supervision SCMP3-3.3 Seek, and learn from, feedback on own practice from colleagues and children and young people SCMP3-3.4 The importance of understanding the limits of personal competence and when to seek advice. Everyone has a limit of personal competence; training courses when offered should be taken where possible to ensure that you are competent to do the job and updated in new legislations etc. If we do not understand our own limit, we may take on a task that we are not comfortable with and can cause further harm to the child we may be dealing with, i.e. looking after a child that has been diagnosed ADHD and permanently chastising incorrectly as you have no knowledge of the condition and how bestShow MoreRelatedRacial Inequality And Discrimination Of Child Welfare1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdisproportionality and disparity in child welfare represents a complex phenomenon emanating from historical theoretical socioeconomic and policy trends that has shaped this service over the past several decades. There are many theories that have been proposed explain why racial disproportionality and disparity exists in child welfare. 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The Effects of Word Choice on Percerptions of Mental Illness

How does word choice affect a person’s perception of people who have a mental illness? If a person uses more politically correct language does that mean they are more understanding of people who have a mental illness or does it mean that people who use less politically correct language are more understanding of people with a mental illness. There have been plenty of studies carried out by researchers that have looked into word choice and its role on how it affects a person’s perception. For instance, in a study done by Angermeyer and Matschinger (2003) they conducted a survey that was done in Germany to see how word choice such, as labeling impacts a person’s perception of people who have schizophrenia either negatively or positively. They concluded in their hypothesis that it would negatively affect a person’s perception of people who have schizophrenia. In their study they had 5,025 participants who were eighteen years of age or older, were living in Ge rmany, and had citizenship in Germany. They concluded from their results that labeling does indeed negatively affect a person’s perception of people who have schizophrenia. Another study by Angermeyer, Buyantugs, Kenzine, and Matschinger (2004) replicated a study conducted in Germany that found labeling mental illness negatively impacted people’s perception of people with schizophrenia. The researchers decided to instead replicate the study in Novosibirsk which is located in Russia and Ulaanbaatar which is located in

The Branding Of Cities A Critical Exploration Free Essays

string(62) " of the firms that reside in San Francisco \(Rainisto 2003\)\." INTRODUCTION Branding has long been associated with marketing of products. Today, however, branding has grown beyond the image of a product to include branding of cities and other places (Dinnie 2011). This is due in large part to the increase in competition facilitated by globalization. We will write a custom essay sample on The Branding Of Cities: A Critical Exploration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays, cities and other places are increasingly competing with each other for investment, attention, shoppers, visitors, talents, events and the like (Gelder Allan 2006). This has been accelerated and intensified by the process of globalization which has led to a situation where in, competition is no longer focused on the big cities but rather competition had grown global. In other words, competition is no longer limited to the big cities that compete for large sports events, UN bodies or for headquarters of multinational corporations (Gelder Allan 2006). Nowadays, the big cities are increasingly being confronted with competitors from the smaller places. Competition is increasingly growing global as cities from different continents compete for attention, investment, tourists and many others. For example, major towns in Italy have seen their furniture making industry clusters being wiped out by competitor towns in China who produce similar products but at a much a lower cost (Gelder Allan 2006). The need for places to differentiate themselves in pursuit of the various economic, political and psycho-social objectives has become necessary (Dinnie 2003). The application of branding techniques to cities and other places is growing in frequency, given the increasingly global competition facing nations and places, in both domestic and the external market. The adoption of conscious branding is thus essential, if places are to compete effectively on the global stage. Despite the force of this argument, some scholars argue that there is no such thing as place branding. For example, Simon Anholt, in his book Brand New Justice: The Upside of Global Branding argues that place branding is nothing but a myth. He views the notion of place branding as an excessively ambitious, unproven and ultimately irresponsible claim (Anholt, 2008). It is thus the sole purpose of this analysis to explore critically on this concept of place branding and to provide evidence that place branding do exists. We provide an evidence based argument and make visible particular themes and issues that would otherwise have remained ‘veiled to the eye’ of critics such as the success factors of place branding. We begin by exploring on the branding concept. THE CONCEPT OF BRANDING The branding concept dates back to about two centuries ago when Josiah Wedgwood realized that naming his dinnerware after English nobility and stamping his name on his pottery made it more desirable (Morgan et al 2002). Fast forward to the 1930s, Neil McElroy, the promotion manager at Procter Gambles developed a brand management system where in various groups of people could be assigned to handle specific marketing strategies for competing brands (Morgan et al 2002). By the 1980s, the title of a brand manager was increasingly being acknowledged as a coveted job for a typical graduate from a business school (Morgan et al 2002). By the mid-1990s, branding had grown increasingly popular and was being applied to products and to the retailers that sell these products as well, with names like Victoria’s Secret and Bath Body Works (Morgan et al 2002).. Today, branding has grown to include the application of branding techniques to cities and places as competition for investment, attention, shoppers, visitors, talents, events and the like continue to go stronger with globalization. PLACE BRANDING AND TOURISM Place branding is of particular relevance to tourism as the experience of a tourist in a particular country contributes immensely to the image of that country. For example, a distinctive brand that captures the spirit of a city may be created to inspire travelers, the industry and the general populace itself (Kotler Gertner 2002). A simplistic and often unsubstantiated assumption that is frequently made about place branding is that consumers construct their perception of a nation based on their experience of product purchase in that particular nation (Dinnie 2003). However, as Jaffe Nabenzahl (2001) suggest, there are many determinants to the image perception of a country than merely a product purchase. For example, a tourist’s personal experience contributes far more strongly to the perception of the image of a country than a mere product purchase. In this regard, Gnoth (2002) recognizes tourism as an important determinant of a country’s image perceptions and attempts to develop a theoretical model of leveraging the brand of a country through a tourism destination brand, where in services that enhance a tourists experience at a destination are used to develop the brand of a country across different industries. Place branding must have the following to succeed 1) People’ s experience of the place Place branding should be based on people’s experience. Despite advances in technology that have created advanced ways of reaching people such as advertising, communication of most information is still done in the old fashioned way by word-of-mouth (Rainisto 2003). If, for example, tourists have a good experience with New York City, they communicate this experience to the others thereby boosting the image of the city 2) Perception Perception is yet another important element of place branding. Let’s take the case of New York as an example; the perception of New York in most people’s mind is a city that is rich and cosmopolitan (Rainisto 2003). It is perceived to be a city that offers its inhabitants and visitors almost everything that could be demanded of a city including commerce, finance, Universities and colleges, industries, historical sites and cultural and economic opportunities (Rainisto 2003). This perception is important for a city to achieve a brand success. 3) What the city or place stands for? For a place brand to be created, it must have a meaning or stand for something. For example, San Francisco stands for industry, culture and technology (Rainisto 2003). Apple, Oracle, Intel, Xpedior, Jamcracker, Genentech, Blue Matrix, and Sun Microsystems among others are just but a few of the firms that reside in San Francisco (Rainisto 2003). You read "The Branding Of Cities: A Critical Exploration" in category "Essay examples" San Francisco is also known for its diversity including Chinatown, Alcatraz, the Silicon Valley, Fisherman’s Wharf, Museum of Modern Art, the retail environment and proximity of Monterey and Carmel (Rainisto 2003). Similarly, New York City stands for not only its cultural icons, but for its financial district and wall street, as well. It is home to the large financial institutions in the world including WorldBank, American Express, CitiGroup, Royal Bank of Canada, J.P. Morgan/Chase, Wachovia, United Bank of Switzerland and Deutsche Bank among many others (Rainisto 2003). New York is also home to investment firms such as Bear Sterns, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Lehman Brothers among many others (Rainisto 2003). These key factors have contributed to its brand success. 4) Appearance Appearance is yet another factor that determines the success of a place brand. The appearance of a place, particularly the physical characteristics are important in place branding. Places are defined by their appearance, location, function and cultural attainments. For example, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, San Francisco and Barcelona are primarily known for their harbors (Hall 2002). Similarly, New York and Zurich are famed as banking centers while places like Boston, Atlanta and Charleston are known for their architecture and history (Rainisto 2003). Clearly place branding is very much in existence and has contributed to the success of major cities including New York, Paris, San Francisco and many others. Place branding is, however, not without its criticism. CRITICISM OF PLACE BRANDING According to Anholt (2003) nations may be said to have brands in the form of reputations which are important to their progress and prosperity; in a similar way to which brand images are important to corporations. But the idea of creating a brand for a country, place, city or region in a similar way to branding of products is both vain and foolish. Anholt argues that there is no conclusive evidence that shows that marketing communications programmes, slogans or logos can succeed in altering the perceptions of places. In fact some evidence seems to suggest the opposite. Since the launch of the Anholt Nation Brands Index in 2005, Anholt notes that there has been no correlation between the changes in brand value of a nation and expenditure on nation branding campaigns (Anholt 2010). He, in fact, suggests that several countries that had not done marketing had seen an overall improvement in their images while those that had spent heavily on advertising and public relations campaign had seen their brand value stagnate or even decline (Anholt 2010). In as much as Anholt insists that places can’t be reduced to simplistic images, I concur with the view that place branding do exists as evident with cities such as New York, San Francisco, Paris, Berlin and Rochester which have continued to experience brand success CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED WHEN CREATING PLACE BRANDS Place branding, however, is not as simple as it may look and has various challenges that vary from place to place. For example, city branding needs to be specific on what it wants to sell and to whom, but at the same time it has to appeal to as wide market as possible (Dinnie 2011). Unlike a product or service brand, a place brand is often unclear and difficult to define. What should a place brand coverAnd what should be the geographical scope of this brandThese are some of the questions that are often overlooked when creating a place brand. Take, for example, the brand Lisboa e Vale do Tejo which incorporates the city of Lisbon and the area of Vale do Tejo (Dinnie 2011). The main problem with this brand is its apparent lack of focus. This brand unites the urban and cosmopolitan city of Lisbon with the area of Vale do Tejo which mainly comprises of natural parks, rural areas, and picturesque cities like Santarem (Dinnie 2011). This combination of places with distinct variables creates a complex and incongruous brand image. Moreover, a place brand that is created may have a broader meaning to the target consumers than the intended meaning of the brand (Dinnie 2011). In other words, the perception of the consumers about a brand created to represent a particular area may be different than initially planned. Clearly, place branding is highly complex and achieving a predetermined position is far more difficult than that of a product or service brand. CONCLUSION Despite the challenges and criticism of place branding, we have identified that it is actually possible to brand a city and that the success of major cities such as New York, Paris, San Francisco among many others is due to the adoption of conscious branding which had seen them competing effectively on a global stage. REFERENCE Anholt, S., 2010. Places. Identity, images and reputation. Palgrave Macmillan Anholt, S., 2003. Brand New Justice: The Upside of Global Branding. Oxford, UK: Butterworth- Heinemann publishers. Dinnie, K., 2011. City branding: theory and cases. 1 edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Dinnie, K., 2003. Place branding: overview of an emerging literature. Gelder, S.V. and M. Allan, 2006. City branding: how cities compete in the 21st century. Hall, D., 2002. â€Å"Branding and national identity: the case of Central and Eastern Europe†. In: Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., and R. Pride (Eds.) (2002), Destination Branding: Creating the unique destination proposition, Oxford UK: Butterworth Heinemann. Jaffe, E.D. and I.D. Nebenzahl, 2001. National Image Competitive Advantage: The Theory and Practice of Country-of-Origin Effect, Copenhagen Business School Press Kotler, P. and D. Gertner, 2002. â€Å"Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective†, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 9, No. 4-5, pp. 249-261 Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., and R. Pride, (Eds.), 2002. Destination Branding: Creating the unique destination proposition. Oxford UK: Butterworth Heinemann. Rainisto, S., 2003. Success Factors of Place Marketing. A Study of Place Marketing Practices in Northern Europe and the United States. Helsinki University of Technology. How to cite The Branding Of Cities: A Critical Exploration, Essay examples

Richard Williams, III Essays (1459 words) - Crime, American Folklore

Richard Williams, III History 1301 Fitz-Gerald November 16, 2016 Book Review David Cordingly, Under the Black Flag , 2006, Random House Trade Paperbacks, 336, nonfiction/ history society Under the Black Flag by David Cordingly is a written time capsule that allows the reader to look back on the culture and behavior of the Pirates. It also provides you with little known fact and common misconceptions about the big bad Buccaneers of the oceans. This book contains 12 chapters with each of them covering different important features of piracy and buccaneer culture. Chapter one established the window of history this takes place, which is the 1700's to the 1800's initially encouraging a light-hearted view of pirates especially in the 1880s. Also it talked about the well-known companion of the pirate, the parrot; stating that parrots and other birds were sold by "seamen" at the ports and markets of popular coastal cities. Pirates also used slaves as displayed in many modern movies, however, the real slaves had even less rights and humanity than the animals or even the weapons on the ship. One of the most notorious pirates was Edward Teach also referred to as Edward Thatch or Blackbeard, even though one of the more "to standard" pirates were people like Henry Avery, who seized HMS Charles while at port and renamed it "Fancy". Also in 1695 he captured the Gunsway, a ship owned by the Great Mogul. Even with all this success and pirate wealth it is suspected that after retirement he later died in poverty after wasting all his earnings at bars and on wenches. In chapter two, Plundering the Treasure Ports , the topic of pirate treasury and loot. It was found that in the late 1700's a Brit named Francis drake raided a Central American train taking much silver and gold, while sailing in a manner called circumnavigation, he captured the Spanish ship Cacafuego carrying an estimated equivalent of 12,000,000 pounds of treasure and it was calculated that he ported with a modern equivalent of roughly 68,000,000 pounds in treasure. It was also translated that "Pieces of Eight" were actually silver currency and "Dabloons" were gold coins or other forms of gold currency. Around the early 1500's a Frenchman named Jean Fleury was sailing off the shore of Portugal when he captured multiple Spanish treasure ships filled with the glorious findings of the Aztec civilizations, which intern led to the mass flood of Cent ral American in search of riches. Around the 1550's older cousin of Francis Drake, John Hankins entered himself, briefly into the slave trade by gathering slaves and trading them to the Americas until the King of Spain put an embargo on his trading. Finally around the 1630s the pirates or buccaneers relocated themselves to a central stronghold on the Island of Tortuga (meaning turtle), and established a fort-style civilization to protect themselves from the conflicting nations. Chapter 3, Sir Henry Morgan , provided a detailed history on Sir Morgan. Morgan died in 1688 with wealth and nobility as a knight, after being made Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica. His life wasn't always pretty. Henry was arrested after the sacking of Panam. Morgan also joined the army before graduating high school to become the Admiral of the Brethren of the Coast at the age of 32. In his position he led the capture of Portobello, ransomed the city the Panamanian President for roughly 250,000 pesos and al so assembled ships to take the city of Cartagena, however, this plan was cancelled. In chapter four, Women Pirates and Pirates' Women , briefly discusses some of the women pirates such as Mary Read and Anne Bonny, who sailed dress as men with John Rackam, also known as Calico Jack. Later on Rackam, his crew, and the two women were captured and tried with piracy. All were hung except the two women due to their pregnancies at the time even though Mary Read later died in her prison cell of illness. Other famous female's pirates include Grace O'Malley and Mrs. Chang who successfully disguised themselves as men to maintain their reputations as fierce pirates. Chapter 5, Storms, Shipwrecks, and Life at Sea , reviews the misconception that shipwrecks were common and

Greed and Envy in Arthur Millers The Crucible Essays

Greed and Envy in Arthur Millers The Crucible Essays Greed and Envy in Arthur Millers The Crucible Paper Greed and Envy in Arthur Millers The Crucible Paper and therefore, he chooses to leave his name intact and die as a tragic hero. It may be said that envy and greed were responsible for the chaos of witch-hunt, however, they cannot fully be blamed. Other feelings such as fear, pride, and honour are common to those of a restricted society like Salem and can be more responsible for the havoc. The former emotions affect the society of Salem as a whole, unlike greed and envy that affect some characters personally. Consequently, it is reasonable to say that the causes for the Salem witch-hunt varies according to each reader. One may strongly discuss that envy and greed were responsible for chaos in Salem while another can, just as strongly, defend his opinion that fear and pride, for example, are mostly to blame. All in all, evidence and examples show that envy and greed can be held responsible for the Salem witch-hunt to certain extents. These feelings may not be the main principles to blame but are, nonetheless, present in The Crucible and do influence some characters, aggravating the already turbulent society of Salem.

Gorgosaurus - Facts and Figures

Gorgosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Gorgosaurus (Greek for fierce lizard); pronounced GORE-go-SORE-us Habitat: Floodplains of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; sharp teeth; stunted arms    About Gorgosaurus In many ways, Gorgosaurus was your garden-variety tyrannosaurnot quite as big (or as famous) as Tyrannosaurus Rex, but every bit as dangerous from the point of view of smaller, herbivorous dinosaurs. What really sets Gorgosaurus apart among paleontologists is that this dinosaur has left an unusually large number of well-preserved specimens (from Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada), making it one of the best-represented tyrannosaurs in the fossil record. Gorgosaurus is believed to have occupied the same North American territory as another fairly generic tyrannosaur, Daspletosaurusand some experts think it might really have been a species of yet another tyrannosaur genus, Albertosaurus. This confusion can be attributed to the fact that Gorgosaurus was discovered about 100 years ago (by the famous paleontologist Lawrence M. Lambe), at a time when much less was known about the evolutionary relationships and characteristics of theropod dinosaurs. One interesting analysis of the growth patterns of Gorgosaurus has concluded that this tyrannosaur had an unusually long juvenile phase, after which it underwent a sudden growth spurt (in the course of two or three years) and achieved its full adult size. This implies that juvenile and full-grown tyrannosaurs inhabited different ecological niches during the late Cretaceous period, and probably subsisted on different prey as well. (And if you have hungry toddlers at home, imagine what it means for a one-ton dinosaur to go through a growth spurt!)

Forging Past English 22 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forging Past English 22 - Essay Example This author stresses that summarizing or a given type of work was a key learning outcome that h has been able to achieve through this semester’s work. Developing summaries begins when reading a particular text. In class, he described it as a ‘brief piece of writing that presents the main ideas of a reading in own words’. Further, through summary writing of the clip Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage: An Introduction, he successfully wrote a coherent and systematic brief summary that helped me to use the skills learn in class. This author makes a conclusion that conducting library research was also a major aspect that he learnt this semester. he learnt about sourcing for relevant content from diverse sources that could help when writing an essay or any other research work. In particular, he developed the skill of gathering information from multiple sources, summarizing the information obtained as well as developing a coherent write-up based on all the information gathered. it is clear that most of the learning objectives for this semester as far as English 22 were successfully met. The ability to read effectively and objectively, conducting a research based on several sources, developing a writing plan as well as developing systematic and coherent content was a major contributor to the realization of the learning objectives. He has learnt that learning is a continuous process that requires constant interaction with information while doing a lot of practice in order to perfect the art.

The form and function of Concept Store Literature review

The form and function of Concept Store - Literature review Example The subsequent section provides a detailed overview of concept stores, thus giving insight into the inception of this retail store concept and the principal features that characterize it. This chapter also covers the factors that contribute to the widespread adoption of concept stores in the fashion sector, under the key drivers section. Other factors addressed under this literary analysis segment include the format of a conventional concept store, the potential size and popular locations of these retail stores, as well as, the distribution hierarchy adopted by most concept stores. The latter section provides information on strategic function, design or architectural form of a concept store, and the overall language concept of this category of stores. The concluding part of the literature review chapter identifies research gaps that exist in study information available on concept stores, their design and overall operation. The physical environment of a store is one of the principal issues that retailers are supposed to take into account when launching a business venture. This is because it plays a significant role in affecting consumers’ decision to purchase and experience the entire shopping experience. Management of a store’ retail setting, therefore, affects both parties with the store owners’ enjoying increased revenues from enhanced customer loyalty, and shoppers gaining pleasure from the ambient shopping environs. Referred to as â€Å"atmospherics† the concept of managing the physical environs of a store was initially proposed by Kotler (1973). In this case, management of the atmosphere of a store is delineated as concerted effort to conceptualize a design that evokes certain emotions, which increase purchasing probability. Stimuli spurred by in-store setting directly correlates with the amount of pleasure that customers derive from shopping at the store. Ambient aspects related to the physical background of a store usually

The Elements Of Violence In Macbeth English Literature Essay

The Elements Of Violence In Macbeth English Literature Essay With elements like wars, assassinations, and murders, violence takes up a significant part of Macbeth. At the early stage of Macbeth, the audience is presented a battlefield scene where a bloody massager appears. Echoing such a violent and bloody image, the play ends with Macbeth being killed. Although karma is an Indian belief, lines like This even-handed justice / Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice / to our own lips (Macbeth I.vii.10) reveal traits of karma in the Scottish play.  [1]  Karma means that all actions have consequences which will affect the doers of the actions at some future time (Reichenbach 399). In this essay, I will argue that violence is not merely actions performed by the characters but the skeleton of plot and theme. For the sake of a clear analysis, I will first outline the concept of karma and karma of violence in Macbeth. Then I will conclude that the karmic effect of violence drives the development of plot and reflects moral judgement. As suggested by Rajendra Prasad, the law of karma should be viewed as a retributive theory of morality (qtd. in Keown 331). Reichenbach also noted that 1.Morally accountable actions which are done out of desire for their fruits are subjected to karma; 2.Some karmic effects are manifested at once or in this life, some in the next life; 3.Karmic effect of actions can be accumulated (qtd. in Keown 335). In this essay, Keowns idea on karma is taken; the relationship between karma and intention is indisputable; volitional action alone can result in karma; sinning in ones heart without physical performance is possible that same act may have different karma for different people (Keown 336). Rebirth and karma beyond characters portrayed lives will not be discussed here. Violence is not only a part of the play, but its skeleton. Karma, as stated, is accumulative and is resulted from moral and physical actions. In Macbeth, violence, with its karmic effect, breeds violence. In Act one, Macbeth is reported about cutting Macdonwald open, unseame[s] him from the nave to th chops, / [a]nd fixe[s] his head upon battlements (I.ii.22-3)and is [n]othing afeard of what [himself] didst make, / [s]trange images of death (I.iii.97-8). This suggests his violent nature and his capacity of bloody deeds in the future. Such a valiant and worthy achievement (I.ii.24), as a result, won him the title of Thane of Cawdor. It was then the realization of prophecy bred his ambition whose murder yet is but fantastical (I.iii.139). The word fantastical echoes with Banquos address to the witches I the name of truth, / Are ye fantastical or that indeed / which outwardly ye show?(I.iii.54-5), drawing parallel between the witches and Macbeths fantastical thoughts which are not indee d outwardly [he] show[ed] as well. With such murderous thoughts, Macbeth, whose [place] [is] the nearest (I.iv.36) to Duncan betrays his own family blood and country to secure the throne. The karmic effect of this bloody throne is fear; the fear on Banquos issue and Macduffs flee to England prompts him further violence and ultimate self-destruction. His bloody acts make returning were as tedious as go over (III.iv.140-1).Violence, therefore, breeds on-and-on violent deeds till the end of the play. As Macbeth puts it, Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill (III.ii.55), such on-and-on violence increases intensity over time. After violence against Macdonwald, Macbeth killed Duncan in sleep. Sleep, under Shakespeares description, is innocent . . . that knits up the reveled sleeve of care . . . the great natures second course, chief nourisher in lifes feast (II.ii.34-8). The peaceful description of natures gift and Duncans royal position contrast with the murder, highlighting intensified violence. Although he is unsettled by the deed, he soon recovers and exhibits a greater degree of violence. Without consulting his wife, Macbeth readily kills two innocent servants. Compared to the hesitation shown in Duncans murder, he becomes bolder. Violence, as a recurring role, performs an endless loop. Macbeth, with a mind full of scorpions (III.ii.36), then sends out three men in total only to ensure Banquo and Fleances deaths. He becomes determined to take a step further to kill the weaker gender and innocent children in Macduffs family. When Macduff receives the tragic news, he asks about his children repeatedly and all my children?, My children too?, What, all my pretty chickens and their dam / at one fell swoop? (IV.iii.211-8). Such responses reflect that people then perceived the act of killing innocent children as outrageously violent.The climax of on-and-on violence came when Macduff greets the King with Macbeths head, saying Behold, where stands / the usurpers cursed head. (V.viii.54-5), putting an end on the loop of violence in the play. This illustration of the intensifying loop of violence suggests karmic consequences of murderous thoughts. In the analysis of Shakespearean violence, Foakes suggests that the urge to violence is deeply embedded in the human psyche, and creates recurring whatever political formations are dominant (Foakes 16). This viewpoint echoes with this karmic loop of violence. The series of violent acts keeps driving the plot development. The karma begins with Macbeths sinning in [his] heart (Keown 336) with murderous thoughts. Had he stopped at any point of his violent murders, he would not have suffered the deadly karma. Karmic effects of Macbeths repetitive violence, as suggested, accumulated throughout the play, causing the downfall of the soul and self-destruction. The karma of violence, therefore, extends the plot with series of consequences in Macbeth. In Macbeth, karma of violence is not only the consequences of behaviour. It implicitly reflects good morality in violence. Contrasting conventional idea, violence does not necessarily imply bad karma. Traditional Christian belief generally subscribes to the idea of Thou shalt not kill. However, under karma, same act may have different consequences for different people. At the beginning of the play, Duncan ordered the execution of Thane of Cawdor. This act of violence, justified by the traitors betrayal, did not result in a bad karma. Duncan, despite his death, enjoys the peace of mind of which Macbeth is deprived. Although Banquos violent behaviours are not explicitly described, audience can understand that Banquo, as a warrior, is capable of violence. His acts of violence, however, are justified by his selfless patriotism. In the play, Shakespeare uses Banquo as a moral contrast against Macbeth. They are of similar background, official rank and power at the beginning of Macbeth; they both face the tempting prophecy. However, Banquo endeavours to keep [his] bosom franchised and allegiance clear (II.i.26-7) while Macbeth jump[s] the life to come to commit murders (I.vii.7). The fact that Banquo succeeds in upholding morality in the same temptation suggests that Macbeths tragic ending is not a result of fatalism, but karma out of volitional actions. Karma is hugely based on ethical consideration and moral accountability. With moral actions, Banquos family line is blessed with good karma, contrasting Macbeths violence-induced fatal karma. Macduff, who performed the visually bloodiest violence by cutting and displaying Macbeths head, is also exempted from bad karma.  [2]  Since Macbeth has no children of his own, it is unlikely that Macduffs bloody deed would provoke another loop of violence against himself. It is reasonable to suggest that, Macduffs violent action, as a karma on Macbeth, is justified by its good intention of saving Scotland from the tyranny. The above examples of karma contrast against the deadly karma on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In Macbeths case, he performs all the violence based on his desire for power and the fear in securing it. Accordingly, he is subjected to karmic effects, which mostly take the form of internal struggles. Booth concluded that, all three murders towards Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are followed immediately by scenes of suffering and self-tortures (Booth 31). After Duncans murder, every noise appals Macbeth and he hears ominous voices threatening that he could no longer sleep with peace (II.ii.56). Although Macbeth does not show explicit guilt after Banquos death, his sub-conscience tortures him. He is startled by the image of Banquos phantom despite his self-regard as a fearless man. Macbeths soul becomes weary after murdering Macduffs family. He pessimistically believes that [his] way of life / [i]s falln into the sere, the yellow leaf, / [a]nd that which should accompany old age, / [a]s h onor, love, obedience, troops of friends, / [he] must not look to have.(V.iii.22-6). Ironically, Macbeth has traded his soul, friends, honour for a fruitless crown and a lifeless life. He is caught in a tragedy of his own making. In this way, the karma on Macbeth manifests as his internal struggles. Despite sympathy towards Macbeth, Macbeths selfishness, betrayal and violence deserve his own deadly and violent karma. As suggested by the Bible, For the wages of sin is death (Roman 5: 23). Therefore, given his murderous deeds, his death has to be brutally violent for moral justification. Macbeths tragic death implies that Shakespeare has acknowledged the immorality of Macbeths violent deeds. Lady Macbeth, similarly, has to pay a price for pouring [her] spirit in [Macbeths] ear, / [a]nd chastise[s] with the valour of [her] tongue (I.v.24-5) Ribner commented that The relationship between Macbeth and his wife steadily deteriorates . . . . The force of evil severs Macbeth from the rest of humanity; it breaks also the bond which ties him to his wife. He lives more and more closely with his own fears into which she cannot intrude . . . . No longer does he confide in her. (Ribner 164) Considering Lady Macbeths admiration to Macbeth and her devotion to help him get the throne, psychological separation between the couple is unbearable to Lady Macbeth. It is reasonable to deduce that this psychological separation may explain her mental breakdown and loss of masculinity displayed before. The fact that the seemingly evil Lady Macbeth is also subjected to karmic condemnation from her own conscience may signifies her humanness, but more importantly, the deadly karma is to impose moral judgement on her behaviours. Karma of a particular behaviour reflects its moral nature and judgement. In Macbeth, not all violent deeds result in bad karma. Considering the play is set in a political disturbed period in which Scotland was first traumatized by traitors and then Macbeth the Tyrant, violence, to a certain extent, was a norm in that era. The fact that Scotland restores her order through violence against Macbeth suggests that some violence is morally right. These characters who perform violence for morally right reasons can be exempted from bad karma. Karma, in Buddhist belief, is controlled by a Supreme Being. Shakespeare, as a Supreme Being of this play, reflects judgements towards the characters behaviours with different karmas resulted. Karma on violence, therefore, gives the audience some ideas on the morality of violence. Violence is the linking element that drives plot development. It is through the recurring nature of karma that violence in Macbeth trammel[s] up the consequence (I.vii.3) of Macbeths self-destruction. By designing different karmic effects, Shakespeare explores the good and evil of violence. Although sympathy towards human flaws may be valued, it is necessary to have deadly karma for ill-intended murders committed. Violence, therefore, is not merely a part of the plot. It is the driving force of the plot and a subtle exploration on morality of violence.

Ways to Fix Run Ons Fragments

Understanding sentence structure helps in identifying and correcting run-on sentences and sentence fragments. A computer’s spell checker does not typically catch these common mistakes, so do not rely on the spell checker to correct grammar for you. Be sure to carefully proofread all assignments for these issues. This handout defines various sentence structures, presents sample sentences, and provides strategies for correcting run-ons, comma splices, and fragments. Practice activities are included to help build skills in sentence clarity and variety. First, consider the parts of a complete sentence:Complete Sentence (Independent Clause) Table of Contents Part I: Run-ons †¢ Strategies for avoiding run-ons (comma splices and fused sentences) (p. 2-3) †¢ Sample sentences with explanations, practice activities (with answer key) (p. 4-7) Part II: Fragments †¢ Strategies for avoiding sentence fragments (p. 8-11) †¢ Sample sentences with explanations, practice acti vities (with answer key) (p. 12-13) Part I: Run-On Sentences Definition: A run-on sentence either has too many independent clauses or two independent clauses that are not linked correctly.Two types of run-on sentences are fused sentences and comma splices. Strategies for Correcting Fused Sentences: 1. Create a compound sentence. Inserting a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) plus a comma correctly links these independent clauses. This sentence structure is called a compound sentence. Correct compound sentence: She writes the music, and he plays the guitar. independent clause + comma + coordinating conjunction + independent clause 2. Separate independent clauses with periods and capitalization, creating simple sentences.Correct sentences: She writes the music. He plays the guitar. 3. Insert a semi-colon. Semi-colons should be used sparingly and to connect independent clauses whose meanings are closely related. Correct sentence: She writes the music for Coldpla y; he plays the guitar for that band. * Note: When more details are added to the above independent clauses, the meanings become much more closely related. Thus, a semi-colon can separate these clauses. 4. Link ideas using a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Correct Sentence: While she writes the music for Coldplay, he plays the guitar for that band. ubordinate clause + comma + independent clause ‘While’ is a subordinating conjunction, which makes ‘while she writes music for Coldplay,’ a dependent clause. That is, the clause depends on the rest of the sentence for the overall meaning to be clear. A dependent clause cannot stand alone. Use a comma to separate a dependent clause that appears before an independent clause. *Note: A sentence constructed of one independent clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clauses is called a complex sentence. Strategies for Correcting Comma Splices: . Insert a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sen tence. Correct Sentences: She writes the music for Coldplay, but he plays the guitar for that band. She writes the music for Coldplay, and he plays the guitar for that band. Remember, the coordinating conjunction appears after the comma. *Note: Again, consider meaning before joining sentences. If the sentences are not closely connected, it may be best to keep them separate. Think about these two independent clauses: Today I was late for class. I will have a burrito for dinner tonight.Since these ideas are distinct, keep the sentences separate. 2. Insert a semi-colon. Correct Sentence: She writes the music for Coldplay; he plays the guitar for that band. Again, to join two independent clauses with a semi-colon, be sure that their meanings are closely connected. The Tutoring Center has a separate handout on semi-colon usage. * See pages 4-7 for further explanation of these strategies as well as sample sentences and practice activities. Run-On Sentences: Examples and Explanations Examp les: It was raining Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Fused)It was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Comma Splice) How to fix these run-ons: Step 1: Identify the independent clauses. It was raining + Naomi could not find her umbrella. subject + verb phrase subject + verb phrase (direct object) Step 2: Use one of the below strategies. 1. Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) It was raining. Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V. S +V 2. Comma + Coordinating Conjunction (Compound Sentence) It was raining, and Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V , and S + V . Semi-Colon It was raining; Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V ; S + V 4. Subordinating Conjunction + Comma (Complex Sentence) Though it was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. dependent clause, S + V *Note: Use the Tutoring Center’s Transitions/Grammar Aid Handout to help identify coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Ask a tutor if you are unclear about the meanings of these conjunctions or in which situations to use them. Practice: Avoiding Run-Ons Correct the following run-on sentences by using the strategies previously discussed. 1.I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English already. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Juan and David recognized each other they had been in the first grade together. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Her car would not start she was late for class. ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The parents ate the baby slept in her stroller. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Eli wants to quit smoking this habit is too expensive. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Avoiding Run-Ons: Answer Key and Explanations 1. I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English. Strategy 1: Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) I moved to the United States when I was young. S + V (prepositional phrase) (dependent clause) It was easy to learn English. S + V (adverb phrase) My parents were already here. They knew English. S + V (adverb phrase). S + V (direct object)Strategy 2: Coordinating Conjunction + Comma (Compound Sentence) I moved to the United States when I was young, and it was e asy to learn English. S + V , and S + V My parents were already here, so they knew English. S + V , so S + V Strategy 3: Semi-Colon I moved to the United States when I was young; it was easy to learn English. S + V ; S + V My parents were already here; they knew English.S + V ; S + V Strategy 4: Subordination (Complex Sentence) Because I moved to the United States when I was young, it was easy to learn English. (dependent clause) + , S + V Because is a subordinating conjunction that makes the first clause dependent on the second clause. Do not use a coordinating conjunction to link a dependent clause and an independent clause; rather, use only a comma. For example: Since my parents were already here, they knew English. Note: This run-on sentence can also be corrected using a combination of the above strategies. I moved to the United States when I was young, so it was easy to learn English. (compound sentence) Because my parents were already here, they knew English. (complex sentenc e) More suggested answers: 2. Juan and David recognized each other; they had been in the first grade together. S + V ; S + V (prepositional phrase) Juan and David recognized each other, for they had been in the first grade together.S + V , for S + V Since they had been in the first grade together, Juan and David recognized each other. Since + dependent clause , S + V Juan and David recognized each other. They had been in the first grade together. S + V. S + V Now it’s starting to make sense: 3. Her car would not start, so she was late for class. Her car would not start, and she was late for class. Her car would not start. She was late for class. Because her car would not start, she was late for class.Her car would not start; she was late for class. (correct, but not the best choice) 4. While the parents ate, the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate as the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate. The baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate, and the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate; the baby slept in her stroller. 5. Eli wants to quit smoking. This habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking; this habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking, for this habit is too expensive. Since this habit is too expensive, Eli wants to quit smoking.A more logical, concise construction using subordination would read as follows: Since smoking is too expensive, Eli wants to quit. Part II: Sentence Fragments There are several types of fragments. See pages 9-11 for detailed explanations and techniques for correcting fragments. Pages 12-13 include practice activities and an answer key. Types of Fragments Each example below illustrates a different type of sentence fragment. Any fragment can be corrected by linking the fragment to an independent clause—one which comes before or after it and which makes sense within the paragraph.Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns |after |how |unless |whichever | |although |i f |until |while | |as |in order that/to |what |whether | |as if |once whatever |who | |as soon as |rather than |when |whoever | |as though |since |whenever |whom | |because |so that |where |whomever | |before |than |whereas |whose | |even if |that |wherever |why | |even though |though |which | | Strategies for correcting subordinating conjunction and relative pronoun fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired, I read a magazine. dependent clause , S + V Notice the use of the comma after the dependent clause (because the dependent clause falls at the beginning of the sentence).I had to ride the bus while I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V dependent phrase *Note: When a dependent (subordinate) clause comes after the independent clause, it is usually unnecessary to place a comma after that independent clause. Whether or not a comma is needed depends on the meaning of the sentence. 2. Remove the subordinating conjunction/relative pronoun. Correct sentence: I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V Strategies for correcting â€Å"ing† fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentences: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology, she was not hired as an English instructor. ependent –ing phrase , S + V She designed the new science exhibit, her expertise being in chemistry and biology. S + V , dependent –ing phrase 2. Correct the verb form. Correct sentences: Her expertise is in chemistry and biology. Her expertise was in chemistry and biology. *Note: Sometimes you will also need to add a subject and correct the verb form. See the next page for an example. . Strategies for correcting missing subject fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: Security set off the alarm, evacuated the building, and closed ll the entrances. In the above sentence, it is clear that the subject, the doer of the actions, is security. 2. Add the missing subject. Correct Sentence: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, they closed all the entrances. *Note: In this sentence, the pronoun ‘they’ renames the subject, security. Transition Words Indicating a List or Examples |also |especially |except |for instance |including | |in addition |furthermore |for example |such as |next |Strategies for correcting â€Å"extra information† fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentence: Many Americans take basic amenities for granted, for example, clean water and electricity. S + V , dependent phrase 2. Add the missing subject and verb. Correct sentence: For example, basic amenities include clean water and electricity. transitional phrase, S + V Practice: Avoiding Fragments Correct these sentences using the strategies previously discussed. 1. The dog loved his new toys. Especially the ones that squeaked. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother making pancakes for dinner in the small apartment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. That they had arranged over e-mail. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Because she met him on MySpace. She thought it was a good idea to be cautious. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ 5. I cannot wait until President’s Day. Finally, a day off. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Avoiding Fragments: Answers and Explanations 1. The dog loved his new toys, especially the ones that squeaked. S + V , dependent clause The dog loved his new toys. He especially loved the ones that squeaked. S + V. S + V 2.Maggie remembered her childhood, especially her mother making pancakes for dinner in the S + V, dependent clause small apartment. Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother made pancakes in the small apartment. S + V. S + V (correct form) 3. She decided to meet her new friend in a public place that they had arranged over email. S + V dependent clause She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. They had arranged a place over email. S + V. S + V 4. Because she met him on MySpace, she thought it was a good idea to be cautious. dependent clause, S + V She thought it was a good idea to be cautious; she met him on MySpace.S + V ; S+ V 5. I cannot wait until President’s Day, finally, a day off. S +V, dependent phrase I cannot wait until President’s Day. Finally, we have a day off. S + V. S + V ———————– Avoiding Run-On Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fragments A complete sentence has (minimally) two parts, a subject and a verb. A sentence must also express a complete thought. Such a phrase consisting of a subject and a verb (with complete meaning) is also called an independent clause. Example: He writes music. This sentence has a subject and verb.This sentence also expresses a complete thought, so its meaning is clear. he=subject (S) writes=verb (V) music=direct object (DO) 1. Fused Sentence Definition: A fused sentence consists of two independent clauses, but both the comma and coordinating conjunction are missing . Example of a Fused Sentence: She writes the music he plays the guitar. ‘She writes the music’ and ‘he plays the guitar’ are each independent clauses, containing a subject and a verb and expressing complete thoughts. ‘He plays the guitar’ is an independent clause that can stand alone because it expresses a complete thought and is grammatically correct. he=subject (S)plays=verb (V)guitar=direct object (DO)However, in the above example, the independent clause, ‘She writes the music,’ incorrectly runs into a second independent clause, ‘he plays the guitar. ’ 2. Comma Splice Definition: A comma splice consists of two or more independent clauses that follow one another and are incorrectly linked together only with a comma (or commas). The coordinating conjunction is missing. Example of a Comma Splice: She writes the music, he plays the guitar. In the above sentence, a comma separates the two independent clauses, but a coor dinating conjunction is also necessary. 1. Subordinating Conjunction and Relative Pronoun Fragments Example: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired. How to find this type of fragment:When proofreading a paper, pay attention to subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns. These words (see box below) turn subjects and verbs into dependent clauses. Identifying proper usage of dependent clauses can help in recognizing fragments. 2. â€Å"-ing† Fragments Example: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology. How to find an â€Å"-ing† fragment: If the only verb in the sentence ends in ‘–ing’ and does not have a helping verb, you have a fragment. While the word ‘being’ is a verb, in the above sentence, it is not properly formed. In the below sentence, notice that the ‘-ing’ verb has a helping verb: I was walking down the street when it started raining. (This sentence is correct. ‘Was’ functions as the hel ping verb. )When added to a verb, ‘-ing’ sometimes makes a verb do the job of a noun: Walking outdoors is my favorite form of exercise. (In this sentence, ‘walking’ is a noun that functions as the subject. ‘Is’ functions as the main verb. ) 3. Missing Subject Fragments Example: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, closed all the entrances. How to find this type of fragment: The second phrase above (noted in bold) is a fragment because there is no subject. ‘Entrances’ is a noun, but it is the object of the verb ‘closed. ’ Who or what is closing the entrances is unknown. That is, the subject of the sentence is missing. 4. â€Å"Extra Information† Fragments Example: For instance, clean water and electricity. How to find and fix this type of fragment:

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Essay Samples Introduction

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Essay Samples Introduction You must find the correct resources for your essay in addition to patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. Many people think that high school entrance essays are rather simpler to write than college entrance essays, that's the reason there are fewer places where you could get assistance with higher school entrance essays. While attempting to learn how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another important activity. In such a scenario, a student must pick an ideal topic to write about. A persuasive speech is provided with the goal of persuading the audience to feel a particular way, to take a specific action, or to support a particular view or cause. A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. Moreover, each persuasive reason you offer ought to be supported by means of a fact or an example. There are many persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. Persuasive writing can be challenging, especially whenever you're made to face with a close-minded audience. If you wish to learn how to compose a great persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct place! Persuasive essay topics don't always need to be of a significant nature, you can write about things which are related in your life. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're predicted to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. There are varying views on whether or not a college education is necessary in order to have a prosperous life. Unlike topics for middle school or higher school, excellent college topics are somewhat more challenging to discover. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. Public high schools have their very own fair share of issues and in the event the student isn't careful, they could wind up in an enormous mess. Studies indicated that employees working to obtain an incentive will choose to have the less challenging tasks that will just take a brief moment. Many students seek scholarship so the financial facets of studying would be less of a burden in their opinion. High school students need to compose essays on a selection of topics which at first may appear to have nothing in common. Your introductory paragraph needs to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. It would be considerably more difficult to align your arguments to coordinate with the thesis, and it could diminish the worth of your assessment and the validity of your arguments. There are not any steadfast rules that you want to adhere to as you write. Today, there are lots of on-line sites which provide sample papers. Most Noticeable Essay Samples Introduction Don't forget t hat any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. The simplest way to set the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. The simplest approach to compose a decent persuasive essay is to chose a topic you're confident in. Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. The introductory paragraph is perhaps the most significant paragraph in the essay as it is the initial and possibly last opportunity to produce an effect on the reader. When deciding on a high school essay format, step one is to recognize the kind of essay you want to write. You should incorporate a distinct phrase for every one of your topics of assessment. See that the objective of a persuasive speech is like the purpose for writing an argumentative or persuasive essay. Such a paragraph might incorporate a concise overview of the ideas to be discussed in body of the paper together with other information related to your paper's argument. First and foremost it's essential to be certain that you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. Bear in mind that the period of your essay is contingent on the assignment offered to you. Of all Of the kinds of essay, writing a quick essay may appear to be the easiest.

About Face the Face Transplant Debate - 6103 Words

About Face: The Face Transplant Debate By Sherri L. Rodney-Kahle HCA 322 Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Professor Dolores Thomas July 13, 2009 About Face – The Great Face Transplant Debate The first successful human organ transplant in the United States was performed on December 23, 1954. On that date, a kidney was successfully transplanted, with the organ donated by a living identical twin of the recipient (Kaserman, 2007). More than fifty years have now passed since that first successful human organ transplant and since then, organ transplantation has moved from the experimental stage to assume an important role in the treatment of organ failure stemming from a wide variety of underlying causes. Today, kidneys,†¦show more content†¦This phenomenon is described as a third identity, contrary to sensationalized reports of wearing a dead persons face (Hartman, 2005). Lifetime compliance with a higher dosage regimen of current immunosuppressive drugs demands vigilant post-transplant care. In the event of noncompliance with prescribed immunosuppressive drugs, the effect and extent of facial tissue rejection r emain a serious risk. A failure of the procedure could further compromise the patients appearance and his ability to adjust, and could also be life-threatening. The added trauma and disfigurement to the recipient raise concerns as to the remedy, and the extent to which it is even possible; for example, would that remedy entail another facial transplant? Put differently, could the transplant recipient be worse off than having not undergone the facial transplant? (Hartman, 2005) An example of this was the partial face transplant done in China in April, 2006. Dr. Guo Shuzhong is one of China’s most celebrated plastic surgeons who had ambitions to perform the world’s first full face transplant. 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