Sunday, January 26, 2020
The Elements Of Violence In Macbeth English Literature Essay
The Elements Of Violence In Macbeth English Literature Essay With elements like wars, assassinations, and murders, violence takes up a significant part of Macbeth. At the early stage of Macbeth, the audience is presented a battlefield scene where a bloody massager appears. Echoing such a violent and bloody image, the play ends with Macbeth being killed. Although karma is an Indian belief, lines like This even-handed justice / Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice / to our own lips (Macbeth I.vii.10) reveal traits of karma in the Scottish play.Ã [1]Ã Karma means that all actions have consequences which will affect the doers of the actions at some future time (Reichenbach 399). In this essay, I will argue that violence is not merely actions performed by the characters but the skeleton of plot and theme. For the sake of a clear analysis, I will first outline the concept of karma and karma of violence in Macbeth. Then I will conclude that the karmic effect of violence drives the development of plot and reflects moral judgement. As suggested by Rajendra Prasad, the law of karma should be viewed as a retributive theory of morality (qtd. in Keown 331). Reichenbach also noted that 1.Morally accountable actions which are done out of desire for their fruits are subjected to karma; 2.Some karmic effects are manifested at once or in this life, some in the next life; 3.Karmic effect of actions can be accumulated (qtd. in Keown 335). In this essay, Keowns idea on karma is taken; the relationship between karma and intention is indisputable; volitional action alone can result in karma; sinning in ones heart without physical performance is possible that same act may have different karma for different people (Keown 336). Rebirth and karma beyond characters portrayed lives will not be discussed here. Violence is not only a part of the play, but its skeleton. Karma, as stated, is accumulative and is resulted from moral and physical actions. In Macbeth, violence, with its karmic effect, breeds violence. In Act one, Macbeth is reported about cutting Macdonwald open, unseame[s] him from the nave to th chops, / [a]nd fixe[s] his head upon battlements (I.ii.22-3)and is [n]othing afeard of what [himself] didst make, / [s]trange images of death (I.iii.97-8). This suggests his violent nature and his capacity of bloody deeds in the future. Such a valiant and worthy achievement (I.ii.24), as a result, won him the title of Thane of Cawdor. It was then the realization of prophecy bred his ambition whose murder yet is but fantastical (I.iii.139). The word fantastical echoes with Banquos address to the witches I the name of truth, / Are ye fantastical or that indeed / which outwardly ye show?(I.iii.54-5), drawing parallel between the witches and Macbeths fantastical thoughts which are not indee d outwardly [he] show[ed] as well. With such murderous thoughts, Macbeth, whose [place] [is] the nearest (I.iv.36) to Duncan betrays his own family blood and country to secure the throne. The karmic effect of this bloody throne is fear; the fear on Banquos issue and Macduffs flee to England prompts him further violence and ultimate self-destruction. His bloody acts make returning were as tedious as go over (III.iv.140-1).Violence, therefore, breeds on-and-on violent deeds till the end of the play. As Macbeth puts it, Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill (III.ii.55), such on-and-on violence increases intensity over time. After violence against Macdonwald, Macbeth killed Duncan in sleep. Sleep, under Shakespeares description, is innocent . . . that knits up the reveled sleeve of care . . . the great natures second course, chief nourisher in lifes feast (II.ii.34-8). The peaceful description of natures gift and Duncans royal position contrast with the murder, highlighting intensified violence. Although he is unsettled by the deed, he soon recovers and exhibits a greater degree of violence. Without consulting his wife, Macbeth readily kills two innocent servants. Compared to the hesitation shown in Duncans murder, he becomes bolder. Violence, as a recurring role, performs an endless loop. Macbeth, with a mind full of scorpions (III.ii.36), then sends out three men in total only to ensure Banquo and Fleances deaths. He becomes determined to take a step further to kill the weaker gender and innocent children in Macduffs family. When Macduff receives the tragic news, he asks about his children repeatedly and all my children?, My children too?, What, all my pretty chickens and their dam / at one fell swoop? (IV.iii.211-8). Such responses reflect that people then perceived the act of killing innocent children as outrageously violent.The climax of on-and-on violence came when Macduff greets the King with Macbeths head, saying Behold, where stands / the usurpers cursed head. (V.viii.54-5), putting an end on the loop of violence in the play. This illustration of the intensifying loop of violence suggests karmic consequences of murderous thoughts. In the analysis of Shakespearean violence, Foakes suggests that the urge to violence is deeply embedded in the human psyche, and creates recurring whatever political formations are dominant (Foakes 16). This viewpoint echoes with this karmic loop of violence. The series of violent acts keeps driving the plot development. The karma begins with Macbeths sinning in [his] heart (Keown 336) with murderous thoughts. Had he stopped at any point of his violent murders, he would not have suffered the deadly karma. Karmic effects of Macbeths repetitive violence, as suggested, accumulated throughout the play, causing the downfall of the soul and self-destruction. The karma of violence, therefore, extends the plot with series of consequences in Macbeth. In Macbeth, karma of violence is not only the consequences of behaviour. It implicitly reflects good morality in violence. Contrasting conventional idea, violence does not necessarily imply bad karma. Traditional Christian belief generally subscribes to the idea of Thou shalt not kill. However, under karma, same act may have different consequences for different people. At the beginning of the play, Duncan ordered the execution of Thane of Cawdor. This act of violence, justified by the traitors betrayal, did not result in a bad karma. Duncan, despite his death, enjoys the peace of mind of which Macbeth is deprived. Although Banquos violent behaviours are not explicitly described, audience can understand that Banquo, as a warrior, is capable of violence. His acts of violence, however, are justified by his selfless patriotism. In the play, Shakespeare uses Banquo as a moral contrast against Macbeth. They are of similar background, official rank and power at the beginning of Macbeth; they both face the tempting prophecy. However, Banquo endeavours to keep [his] bosom franchised and allegiance clear (II.i.26-7) while Macbeth jump[s] the life to come to commit murders (I.vii.7). The fact that Banquo succeeds in upholding morality in the same temptation suggests that Macbeths tragic ending is not a result of fatalism, but karma out of volitional actions. Karma is hugely based on ethical consideration and moral accountability. With moral actions, Banquos family line is blessed with good karma, contrasting Macbeths violence-induced fatal karma. Macduff, who performed the visually bloodiest violence by cutting and displaying Macbeths head, is also exempted from bad karma.Ã [2]Ã Since Macbeth has no children of his own, it is unlikely that Macduffs bloody deed would provoke another loop of violence against himself. It is reasonable to suggest that, Macduffs violent action, as a karma on Macbeth, is justified by its good intention of saving Scotland from the tyranny. The above examples of karma contrast against the deadly karma on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In Macbeths case, he performs all the violence based on his desire for power and the fear in securing it. Accordingly, he is subjected to karmic effects, which mostly take the form of internal struggles. Booth concluded that, all three murders towards Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are followed immediately by scenes of suffering and self-tortures (Booth 31). After Duncans murder, every noise appals Macbeth and he hears ominous voices threatening that he could no longer sleep with peace (II.ii.56). Although Macbeth does not show explicit guilt after Banquos death, his sub-conscience tortures him. He is startled by the image of Banquos phantom despite his self-regard as a fearless man. Macbeths soul becomes weary after murdering Macduffs family. He pessimistically believes that [his] way of life / [i]s falln into the sere, the yellow leaf, / [a]nd that which should accompany old age, / [a]s h onor, love, obedience, troops of friends, / [he] must not look to have.(V.iii.22-6). Ironically, Macbeth has traded his soul, friends, honour for a fruitless crown and a lifeless life. He is caught in a tragedy of his own making. In this way, the karma on Macbeth manifests as his internal struggles. Despite sympathy towards Macbeth, Macbeths selfishness, betrayal and violence deserve his own deadly and violent karma. As suggested by the Bible, For the wages of sin is death (Roman 5: 23). Therefore, given his murderous deeds, his death has to be brutally violent for moral justification. Macbeths tragic death implies that Shakespeare has acknowledged the immorality of Macbeths violent deeds. Lady Macbeth, similarly, has to pay a price for pouring [her] spirit in [Macbeths] ear, / [a]nd chastise[s] with the valour of [her] tongue (I.v.24-5) Ribner commented that The relationship between Macbeth and his wife steadily deteriorates . . . . The force of evil severs Macbeth from the rest of humanity; it breaks also the bond which ties him to his wife. He lives more and more closely with his own fears into which she cannot intrude . . . . No longer does he confide in her. (Ribner 164) Considering Lady Macbeths admiration to Macbeth and her devotion to help him get the throne, psychological separation between the couple is unbearable to Lady Macbeth. It is reasonable to deduce that this psychological separation may explain her mental breakdown and loss of masculinity displayed before. The fact that the seemingly evil Lady Macbeth is also subjected to karmic condemnation from her own conscience may signifies her humanness, but more importantly, the deadly karma is to impose moral judgement on her behaviours. Karma of a particular behaviour reflects its moral nature and judgement. In Macbeth, not all violent deeds result in bad karma. Considering the play is set in a political disturbed period in which Scotland was first traumatized by traitors and then Macbeth the Tyrant, violence, to a certain extent, was a norm in that era. The fact that Scotland restores her order through violence against Macbeth suggests that some violence is morally right. These characters who perform violence for morally right reasons can be exempted from bad karma. Karma, in Buddhist belief, is controlled by a Supreme Being. Shakespeare, as a Supreme Being of this play, reflects judgements towards the characters behaviours with different karmas resulted. Karma on violence, therefore, gives the audience some ideas on the morality of violence. Violence is the linking element that drives plot development. It is through the recurring nature of karma that violence in Macbeth trammel[s] up the consequence (I.vii.3) of Macbeths self-destruction. By designing different karmic effects, Shakespeare explores the good and evil of violence. Although sympathy towards human flaws may be valued, it is necessary to have deadly karma for ill-intended murders committed. Violence, therefore, is not merely a part of the plot. It is the driving force of the plot and a subtle exploration on morality of violence.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Ways to Fix Run Ons Fragments
Understanding sentence structure helps in identifying and correcting run-on sentences and sentence fragments. A computerââ¬â¢s spell checker does not typically catch these common mistakes, so do not rely on the spell checker to correct grammar for you. Be sure to carefully proofread all assignments for these issues. This handout defines various sentence structures, presents sample sentences, and provides strategies for correcting run-ons, comma splices, and fragments. Practice activities are included to help build skills in sentence clarity and variety. First, consider the parts of a complete sentence:Complete Sentence (Independent Clause) Table of Contents Part I: Run-ons â⬠¢ Strategies for avoiding run-ons (comma splices and fused sentences) (p. 2-3) â⬠¢ Sample sentences with explanations, practice activities (with answer key) (p. 4-7) Part II: Fragments â⬠¢ Strategies for avoiding sentence fragments (p. 8-11) â⬠¢ Sample sentences with explanations, practice acti vities (with answer key) (p. 12-13) Part I: Run-On Sentences Definition: A run-on sentence either has too many independent clauses or two independent clauses that are not linked correctly.Two types of run-on sentences are fused sentences and comma splices. Strategies for Correcting Fused Sentences: 1. Create a compound sentence. Inserting a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) plus a comma correctly links these independent clauses. This sentence structure is called a compound sentence. Correct compound sentence: She writes the music, and he plays the guitar. independent clause + comma + coordinating conjunction + independent clause 2. Separate independent clauses with periods and capitalization, creating simple sentences.Correct sentences: She writes the music. He plays the guitar. 3. Insert a semi-colon. Semi-colons should be used sparingly and to connect independent clauses whose meanings are closely related. Correct sentence: She writes the music for Coldpla y; he plays the guitar for that band. * Note: When more details are added to the above independent clauses, the meanings become much more closely related. Thus, a semi-colon can separate these clauses. 4. Link ideas using a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Correct Sentence: While she writes the music for Coldplay, he plays the guitar for that band. ubordinate clause + comma + independent clause ââ¬ËWhileââ¬â¢ is a subordinating conjunction, which makes ââ¬Ëwhile she writes music for Coldplay,ââ¬â¢ a dependent clause. That is, the clause depends on the rest of the sentence for the overall meaning to be clear. A dependent clause cannot stand alone. Use a comma to separate a dependent clause that appears before an independent clause. *Note: A sentence constructed of one independent clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clauses is called a complex sentence. Strategies for Correcting Comma Splices: . Insert a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sen tence. Correct Sentences: She writes the music for Coldplay, but he plays the guitar for that band. She writes the music for Coldplay, and he plays the guitar for that band. Remember, the coordinating conjunction appears after the comma. *Note: Again, consider meaning before joining sentences. If the sentences are not closely connected, it may be best to keep them separate. Think about these two independent clauses: Today I was late for class. I will have a burrito for dinner tonight.Since these ideas are distinct, keep the sentences separate. 2. Insert a semi-colon. Correct Sentence: She writes the music for Coldplay; he plays the guitar for that band. Again, to join two independent clauses with a semi-colon, be sure that their meanings are closely connected. The Tutoring Center has a separate handout on semi-colon usage. * See pages 4-7 for further explanation of these strategies as well as sample sentences and practice activities. Run-On Sentences: Examples and Explanations Examp les: It was raining Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Fused)It was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Comma Splice) How to fix these run-ons: Step 1: Identify the independent clauses. It was raining + Naomi could not find her umbrella. subject + verb phrase subject + verb phrase (direct object) Step 2: Use one of the below strategies. 1. Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) It was raining. Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V. S +V 2. Comma + Coordinating Conjunction (Compound Sentence) It was raining, and Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V , and S + V . Semi-Colon It was raining; Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V ; S + V 4. Subordinating Conjunction + Comma (Complex Sentence) Though it was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. dependent clause, S + V *Note: Use the Tutoring Centerââ¬â¢s Transitions/Grammar Aid Handout to help identify coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Ask a tutor if you are unclear about the meanings of these conjunctions or in which situations to use them. Practice: Avoiding Run-Ons Correct the following run-on sentences by using the strategies previously discussed. 1.I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English already. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Juan and David recognized each other they had been in the first grade together. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Her car would not start she was late for class. ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The parents ate the baby slept in her stroller. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Eli wants to quit smoking this habit is too expensive. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Avoiding Run-Ons: Answer Key and Explanations 1. I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English. Strategy 1: Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) I moved to the United States when I was young. S + V (prepositional phrase) (dependent clause) It was easy to learn English. S + V (adverb phrase) My parents were already here. They knew English. S + V (adverb phrase). S + V (direct object)Strategy 2: Coordinating Conjunction + Comma (Compound Sentence) I moved to the United States when I was young, and it was e asy to learn English. S + V , and S + V My parents were already here, so they knew English. S + V , so S + V Strategy 3: Semi-Colon I moved to the United States when I was young; it was easy to learn English. S + V ; S + V My parents were already here; they knew English.S + V ; S + V Strategy 4: Subordination (Complex Sentence) Because I moved to the United States when I was young, it was easy to learn English. (dependent clause) + , S + V Because is a subordinating conjunction that makes the first clause dependent on the second clause. Do not use a coordinating conjunction to link a dependent clause and an independent clause; rather, use only a comma. For example: Since my parents were already here, they knew English. Note: This run-on sentence can also be corrected using a combination of the above strategies. I moved to the United States when I was young, so it was easy to learn English. (compound sentence) Because my parents were already here, they knew English. (complex sentenc e) More suggested answers: 2. Juan and David recognized each other; they had been in the first grade together. S + V ; S + V (prepositional phrase) Juan and David recognized each other, for they had been in the first grade together.S + V , for S + V Since they had been in the first grade together, Juan and David recognized each other. Since + dependent clause , S + V Juan and David recognized each other. They had been in the first grade together. S + V. S + V Now itââ¬â¢s starting to make sense: 3. Her car would not start, so she was late for class. Her car would not start, and she was late for class. Her car would not start. She was late for class. Because her car would not start, she was late for class.Her car would not start; she was late for class. (correct, but not the best choice) 4. While the parents ate, the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate as the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate. The baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate, and the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate; the baby slept in her stroller. 5. Eli wants to quit smoking. This habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking; this habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking, for this habit is too expensive. Since this habit is too expensive, Eli wants to quit smoking.A more logical, concise construction using subordination would read as follows: Since smoking is too expensive, Eli wants to quit. Part II: Sentence Fragments There are several types of fragments. See pages 9-11 for detailed explanations and techniques for correcting fragments. Pages 12-13 include practice activities and an answer key. Types of Fragments Each example below illustrates a different type of sentence fragment. Any fragment can be corrected by linking the fragment to an independent clauseââ¬âone which comes before or after it and which makes sense within the paragraph.Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns |after |how |unless |whichever | |although |i f |until |while | |as |in order that/to |what |whether | |as if |once whatever |who | |as soon as |rather than |when |whoever | |as though |since |whenever |whom | |because |so that |where |whomever | |before |than |whereas |whose | |even if |that |wherever |why | |even though |though |which | | Strategies for correcting subordinating conjunction and relative pronoun fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired, I read a magazine. dependent clause , S + V Notice the use of the comma after the dependent clause (because the dependent clause falls at the beginning of the sentence).I had to ride the bus while I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V dependent phrase *Note: When a dependent (subordinate) clause comes after the independent clause, it is usually unnecessary to place a comma after that independent clause. Whether or not a comma is needed depends on the meaning of the sentence. 2. Remove the subordinating conjunction/relative pronoun. Correct sentence: I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V Strategies for correcting ââ¬Å"ingâ⬠fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentences: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology, she was not hired as an English instructor. ependent ââ¬âing phrase , S + V She designed the new science exhibit, her expertise being in chemistry and biology. S + V , dependent ââ¬âing phrase 2. Correct the verb form. Correct sentences: Her expertise is in chemistry and biology. Her expertise was in chemistry and biology. *Note: Sometimes you will also need to add a subject and correct the verb form. See the next page for an example. . Strategies for correcting missing subject fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: Security set off the alarm, evacuated the building, and closed ll the entrances. In the above sentence, it is clear that the subject, the doer of the actions, is security. 2. Add the missing subject. Correct Sentence: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, they closed all the entrances. *Note: In this sentence, the pronoun ââ¬Ëtheyââ¬â¢ renames the subject, security. Transition Words Indicating a List or Examples |also |especially |except |for instance |including | |in addition |furthermore |for example |such as |next |Strategies for correcting ââ¬Å"extra informationâ⬠fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentence: Many Americans take basic amenities for granted, for example, clean water and electricity. S + V , dependent phrase 2. Add the missing subject and verb. Correct sentence: For example, basic amenities include clean water and electricity. transitional phrase, S + V Practice: Avoiding Fragments Correct these sentences using the strategies previously discussed. 1. The dog loved his new toys. Especially the ones that squeaked. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother making pancakes for dinner in the small apartment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. That they had arranged over e-mail. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Because she met him on MySpace. She thought it was a good idea to be cautious. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ 5. I cannot wait until Presidentââ¬â¢s Day. Finally, a day off. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Avoiding Fragments: Answers and Explanations 1. The dog loved his new toys, especially the ones that squeaked. S + V , dependent clause The dog loved his new toys. He especially loved the ones that squeaked. S + V. S + V 2.Maggie remembered her childhood, especially her mother making pancakes for dinner in the S + V, dependent clause small apartment. Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother made pancakes in the small apartment. S + V. S + V (correct form) 3. She decided to meet her new friend in a public place that they had arranged over email. S + V dependent clause She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. They had arranged a place over email. S + V. S + V 4. Because she met him on MySpace, she thought it was a good idea to be cautious. dependent clause, S + V She thought it was a good idea to be cautious; she met him on MySpace.S + V ; S+ V 5. I cannot wait until Presidentââ¬â¢s Day, finally, a day off. S +V, dependent phrase I cannot wait until Presidentââ¬â¢s Day. Finally, we have a day off. S + V. S + V ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Avoiding Run-On Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fragments A complete sentence has (minimally) two parts, a subject and a verb. A sentence must also express a complete thought. Such a phrase consisting of a subject and a verb (with complete meaning) is also called an independent clause. Example: He writes music. This sentence has a subject and verb.This sentence also expresses a complete thought, so its meaning is clear. he=subject (S) writes=verb (V) music=direct object (DO) 1. Fused Sentence Definition: A fused sentence consists of two independent clauses, but both the comma and coordinating conjunction are missing . Example of a Fused Sentence: She writes the music he plays the guitar. ââ¬ËShe writes the musicââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëhe plays the guitarââ¬â¢ are each independent clauses, containing a subject and a verb and expressing complete thoughts. ââ¬ËHe plays the guitarââ¬â¢ is an independent clause that can stand alone because it expresses a complete thought and is grammatically correct. he=subject (S)plays=verb (V)guitar=direct object (DO)However, in the above example, the independent clause, ââ¬ËShe writes the music,ââ¬â¢ incorrectly runs into a second independent clause, ââ¬Ëhe plays the guitar. ââ¬â¢ 2. Comma Splice Definition: A comma splice consists of two or more independent clauses that follow one another and are incorrectly linked together only with a comma (or commas). The coordinating conjunction is missing. Example of a Comma Splice: She writes the music, he plays the guitar. In the above sentence, a comma separates the two independent clauses, but a coor dinating conjunction is also necessary. 1. Subordinating Conjunction and Relative Pronoun Fragments Example: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired. How to find this type of fragment:When proofreading a paper, pay attention to subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns. These words (see box below) turn subjects and verbs into dependent clauses. Identifying proper usage of dependent clauses can help in recognizing fragments. 2. ââ¬Å"-ingâ⬠Fragments Example: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology. How to find an ââ¬Å"-ingâ⬠fragment: If the only verb in the sentence ends in ââ¬Ëââ¬âingââ¬â¢ and does not have a helping verb, you have a fragment. While the word ââ¬Ëbeingââ¬â¢ is a verb, in the above sentence, it is not properly formed. In the below sentence, notice that the ââ¬Ë-ingââ¬â¢ verb has a helping verb: I was walking down the street when it started raining. (This sentence is correct. ââ¬ËWasââ¬â¢ functions as the hel ping verb. )When added to a verb, ââ¬Ë-ingââ¬â¢ sometimes makes a verb do the job of a noun: Walking outdoors is my favorite form of exercise. (In this sentence, ââ¬Ëwalkingââ¬â¢ is a noun that functions as the subject. ââ¬ËIsââ¬â¢ functions as the main verb. ) 3. Missing Subject Fragments Example: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, closed all the entrances. How to find this type of fragment: The second phrase above (noted in bold) is a fragment because there is no subject. ââ¬ËEntrancesââ¬â¢ is a noun, but it is the object of the verb ââ¬Ëclosed. ââ¬â¢ Who or what is closing the entrances is unknown. That is, the subject of the sentence is missing. 4. ââ¬Å"Extra Informationâ⬠Fragments Example: For instance, clean water and electricity. How to find and fix this type of fragment:
Thursday, January 9, 2020
The Number One Question You Must Ask for Essay Samples Introduction
The Number One Question You Must Ask for Essay Samples Introduction You must find the correct resources for your essay in addition to patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. Many people think that high school entrance essays are rather simpler to write than college entrance essays, that's the reason there are fewer places where you could get assistance with higher school entrance essays. While attempting to learn how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another important activity. In such a scenario, a student must pick an ideal topic to write about. A persuasive speech is provided with the goal of persuading the audience to feel a particular way, to take a specific action, or to support a particular view or cause. A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. Moreover, each persuasive reason you offer ought to be supported by means of a fact or an example. There are many persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. Persuasive writing can be challenging, especially whenever you're made to face with a close-minded audience. If you wish to learn how to compose a great persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct place! Persuasive essay topics don't always need to be of a significant nature, you can write about things which are related in your life. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're predicted to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. There are varying views on whether or not a college education is necessary in order to have a prosperous life. Unlike topics for middle school or higher school, excellent college topics are somewhat more challenging to discover. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. Public high schools have their very own fair share of issues and in the event the student isn't careful, they could wind up in an enormous mess. Studies indicated that employees working to obtain an incentive will choose to have the less challenging tasks that will just take a brief moment. Many students seek scholarship so the financial facets of studying would be less of a burden in their opinion. High school students need to compose essays on a selection of topics which at first may appear to have nothing in common. Your introductory paragraph needs to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. It would be considerably more difficult to align your arguments to coordinate with the thesis, and it could diminish the worth of your assessment and the validity of your arguments. There are not any steadfast rules that you want to adhere to as you write. Today, there are lots of on-line sites which provide sample papers. Most Noticeable Essay Samples Introduction Don't forget t hat any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. The simplest way to set the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. The simplest approach to compose a decent persuasive essay is to chose a topic you're confident in. Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. The introductory paragraph is perhaps the most significant paragraph in the essay as it is the initial and possibly last opportunity to produce an effect on the reader. When deciding on a high school essay format, step one is to recognize the kind of essay you want to write. You should incorporate a distinct phrase for every one of your topics of assessment. See that the objective of a persuasive speech is like the purpose for writing an argumentative or persuasive essay. Such a paragraph might incorporate a concise overview of the ideas to be discussed in body of the paper together with other information related to your paper's argument. First and foremost it's essential to be certain that you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. Bear in mind that the period of your essay is contingent on the assignment offered to you. Of all Of the kinds of essay, writing a quick essay may appear to be the easiest.
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
About Face the Face Transplant Debate - 6103 Words
About Face: The Face Transplant Debate By Sherri L. Rodney-Kahle HCA 322 Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Professor Dolores Thomas July 13, 2009 About Face ââ¬â The Great Face Transplant Debate The first successful human organ transplant in the United States was performed on December 23, 1954. On that date, a kidney was successfully transplanted, with the organ donated by a living identical twin of the recipient (Kaserman, 2007). More than fifty years have now passed since that first successful human organ transplant and since then, organ transplantation has moved from the experimental stage to assume an important role in the treatment of organ failure stemming from a wide variety of underlying causes. Today, kidneys,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This phenomenon is described as a third identity, contrary to sensationalized reports of wearing a dead persons face (Hartman, 2005). Lifetime compliance with a higher dosage regimen of current immunosuppressive drugs demands vigilant post-transplant care. In the event of noncompliance with prescribed immunosuppressive drugs, the effect and extent of facial tissue rejection r emain a serious risk. A failure of the procedure could further compromise the patients appearance and his ability to adjust, and could also be life-threatening. The added trauma and disfigurement to the recipient raise concerns as to the remedy, and the extent to which it is even possible; for example, would that remedy entail another facial transplant? Put differently, could the transplant recipient be worse off than having not undergone the facial transplant? (Hartman, 2005) An example of this was the partial face transplant done in China in April, 2006. Dr. Guo Shuzhong is one of Chinaââ¬â¢s most celebrated plastic surgeons who had ambitions to perform the worldââ¬â¢s first full face transplant. However, for his first partial face transplant, he selected the wrong type of patientââ¬â30-year-old Li Guoxing, a man from a remote rural part of Yunnan province who was attacked by a black bear. The operation went well, Li spent 14 months in the hospital, but tired of city life and, against medical advice, returned to his family in hisShow MoreRelatedHuman Reproductive Cloning Is Immoral And Unnatural1570 Words à |à 7 Pagesways, the never-ending scientific possibilities of our time have continued to exceed our expectations. Within the 20th century there has been new medical research on stem cell research, and we have successfully completed organ transplantsââ¬âmore recently face and skin transplants. Without progressions like this from science, many would not be alive today. But when does science take it too far? Is there a moral reason to continueâ⬠¦or a stopping point? If so, who determines where to draw the line? ScienceRead MoreMedical Tourism : The Global Commercial Organ Trade1495 Words à |à 6 Pagesbeen wide debate if this facilitates exploitation, and if so how countries can combat this problem. Exploitation is most obvious in the global commercial organ trade. This is referred to as transplant tourism, of which the 2008 Declara tion of Istanbul proposed the following definition : Travel for transplantation becomes transplant tourism if it involves organ trafficking and/or transplant commercialism. In the first section of this essay, the forms of exploitation present in transplant tourism,Read MoreUrgent Category Essay1314 Words à |à 6 PagesMedical urgency is another major deciding factor that is considered for transplant allocation on the account of doctors rushing to cure and/or improve multiple patients simultaneously. This criterion split the patients into two groups, urgent and routine, depending on their health status. Originally, to be on the urgent list, essentially patients would have to be in a hospital on inotropes, an intra-aortic balloon pump or with a short-term mechanical circulatory support device. These patients wouldRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1346 Words à |à 6 PagesIn the past and recent years, the death penalty has remained a huge debate between individuals that agree or disagree whether the death penalty is justifiable punishment or not. Is capital punishment truly a justified and powerful approach to the violations of specific prisoners? Many individuals believe that having the death penalty is cruel and inhumane. Others believe that people who commit such heinous crimes should be punished with the death penalty. Instilling the death penalty is the sameRead MoreOrgan Donation Vs. No Pay For Organ Donors892 Words à |à 4 Pagespeople that arenââ¬â¢t willing to donate. There are many who agree that paying an organ donor doesnââ¬â¢t have to belittle the virtue of oneââ¬â¢s beliefs, but instead a chance to save thousands. To begin with, the number of people on the waiting list for a transplant is substantially growing every year and volunteers to donate are decreasing by the second. The dire need of organ donors is shown: In the U.S., for instance, more than 98,000 people are waiting for kidneyââ¬â¢s, according to the Organ Procurement andRead More Vivisection: Is it for you? Essay1749 Words à |à 7 PagesVivisection: Is it for you? Animal Research has become a heated debate over the past few decades, reaching a high point around the end of the twentieth century yet it still continues through today. There are two main ways to look at this topic: the logos pro side and the pathos anti side. Those who are for animal testing realize the amazing benefits that can come out of such research while those against animal testing stand up for animalsââ¬â¢ rights and try to find ways to better such researchRead MoreAnimal Research And Medical Advances1187 Words à |à 5 Pagesenjoy a better quality of life. However, scientific and medical use of animals have been a subject of heated debate for many years. Those who support animal research and experimentation justify their stance based on the medical advances that improve human lives. Research is one of many purposes that humans use animals for. The main reason animals are used in research is to learn more about illnesses that burden humans and other animals. Society views the use of a newly developed drug or surgical techniqueRead MoreStem Cell Research Vs. Cloning1366 Words à |à 6 Pagessheep was born in 1997 cloning has become matter of ethical and moral debates. The idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹a human clone leads to all kinds of dilemmas, ambiguities and controversies. The notion of cloning touches fundamental aspects of our humanity. It covers concepts of identity and individuality, the meaning of reproduction, the difference between procreation and manufacture and relations between generations. It also raises questions about the manipulation of human beings for the benefit of others. To understandRead MoreOrgan Shortage1895 Words à |à 8 Pagesperson develops the need for a new organ either due to an accident or disease, they receive a transplant, right? No, that s not always right. When a person needs a new organ, they usually face a long term struggle that they may never see the end of, at least while they are alive. The demand for transplant organs is a challenging problem that many people are working to solve. Countries all over the world face the organ shortage epidemic, and they all have different laws regarding what can be done toRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1644 Words à |à 7 Pagesare taken from adult tissues and can be used for bone marrow transplant. The other is embryonic stem cells, which are taken from destroyed human embryos. Unlike adult stem cells these cells are compatible with every tissue and organ in the body and can produce all types of cells, but also go through a process which destroys the embryos. According to Cong ressional Digest, an independent magazine publisher for U.S. Supreme Court debates, explains that ââ¬Å"understanding these processes could provide insight
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Rhetorical Analysis of Dr. Martin Luther Kings I Have a...
On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered a speech to more than 200,000 people during the March on Washington. Kings speech was one of the most influential during the era of the Civil Rights Movement and is to this day recognized as a masterpiece due to its effect on the audience as well as for its eloquence and language. Many components went into this passionate speech that portrayed Kings hopes for racial equality and a brighter future made the speech as moving as it was. It is doubtful that any person can guess that this speech was written without forethought regarding what goals King wished to accomplish in this speech. Martin Luther King Jr.s eloquent language was perfectly suited to his audience, both hisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦By speaking to everyone as `his friends, King was already pushing the notion that they were all the same. Friends tend to be of the same status and have respect for one another, King showed that although he was black and oppress ed, he still was on the same level as, and had respect for his white oppositionists. Also, this same idea is supported by the fact that King chose to write the essay in first person using I and you instead of a formal third person speech. By choosing to speak this way, King puts his issues onto attainable terms and is a technique used to interest his audience and make them aware of the reality that indifference regarding racial segregation is not something that only affects others, but I, you, us, and we. The audience who heard I Have a Dream, is exactly the audience that the speech was intended to be spoken to. This is evident in the language and content of the speech. Martin Luther King, Jr. did not only relate to the oppressed African Americans in his speech. He did not bring up the wrongs that had been performed between white and black abolitionists, nor did he ridicule white Americans in any way. By doing this he spoke to everyone hoping for a chance, by making it clear that racial equality was everyones fight. By not attacking the opponents of his beliefs and dream, King set up a chance to perhaps open up an their minds to views they may not have considered had they been forced to be defensive due to attacks aimed atShow MoreRelatedThe Fight for Freedom1312 Words à |à 6 Pagesbeen working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Ba yard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a result, the ââ¬Å"I Have a Dreamâ⬠speech was written by Martin Luther King, Jr., a man who ââ¬Å"Led successful efforts to integrate public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama; founded the SouthernRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis: of I Have a Dream Essay1484 Words à |à 6 PagesIn Martin Luther Kingââ¬â¢s I Have a Dream speech, King makes use of an innumerable amount of rhetorical devices that augment the overall understanding and flow of the speech. King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his speech adds to the comprehension and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injusticesRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther Kingà ´s Speech: I Have a Dream1309 Word s à |à 6 Pagesbeen working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a result, the ââ¬Å"I Have a Dreamâ⬠speech was written by Martin Luther King, Jr., a man who ââ¬Å"Led successful efforts to integrate public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama; founded the SouthernRead MoreRhetorical Analysis I Have A Dream767 Words à |à 4 PagesShelly Ahmed Deborah Williams Rhetorical Analysis 04 November 2017 ââ¬Å"I Have a Dreamâ⬠The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963. There was about 250,000 people in attendance. It was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nations capital, and the first to have a lot television coverage. Dr.King uses the bible to receive an emotional reaction and connection from the audience as The glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall seeRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream 903 Words à |à 4 PagesI Have a Dream: Pathos On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King delivered his speech at the Lincoln Memorial, which included a minimum of 20,000 people that gathered after the march of Washington. In his ââ¬Å"I Have A Dreamâ⬠speech, Martin Luther king utilizes pathos to build a relationship with his black and white audience. His references to black and white children and allusions to times of slavery which appealed to both parents and older generation. The use of pathos in his speech assisted Dr. KingsRead MoreMartin Luther King Memorial Essay1993 Words à |à 8 PagesThe Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial is the newest memorial to be built in Washington D.C. The memorial was finished with construction in the summer of 2011. This memorial celebrates the life of one of the most influential leaders of the Civil Rights era, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. This is a reminder of Dr. Kingsââ¬â¢ powerful impact on the country and even the world. It was only right that a memorial was built in Washington D.C. to honor the life of this powerful man. Dr. Kingsââ¬â¢ memorial is locatedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream1140 Words à |à 5 PagesJeicy Brito ââ¬Å"I Have a Dreamâ⬠Rhetorical Analysis African American Baptist minister and activist, Martin Luther King, Jr., in his ââ¬Å"I Have a Dreamâ⬠speech, addresses racism against Negros and demands equal rights and freedoms. Kingââ¬â¢s purpose is to motivate his audience to join him in fighting for what they deserve. He shifts from an urgent, demanding tone at the beginning of the speech to a more hopeful and patriotic tone towards the end. Throughout the speech, Dr. King appeals to the audienceââ¬â¢s desireRead MoreOne Of The Best Speeches - I Have A Dream3032 Words à |à 13 PagesSpeeches One of the Best Speeches ââ¬â I Have a Dream Melissa Khang Bellevue University Abstract With the challenges that we, as the human race, have faced, we have also endured and conquered some of the easiest and most of the hardest issues that had risen in the past. With more opportunities opening up, there will also come more challenges. In Martin Luther Kingââ¬â¢s speech I Have a Dream, he was able to express the way he feels toward having the dream that one day everyone shall be united asRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1690 Words à |à 7 PagesA civil rights leader by the name of Reverend (PBS, 2016) Martin Luther King Jr. changed the world he occupied and changed the future course of the United States of America by advocating for desegregation. Martin Luther King Junior was on a mission to end the segregation of the African American community. Segregation was the post result of slavery throughout the United States of America which enslaved Africans. He challenged the status quo of the time. Protesting peacefully and advocating for s ocialRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis on Dr. Martin Luther Kingââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"I have a Dreamâ⬠1051 Words à |à 4 Pagesepoch of Americaââ¬â¢s civil-rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave the supreme exemplification of insurgency through a peaceful march of 200,000 people on Washington D.C. (Anson L.). There he delivered the most powerful speeches of all time known as ââ¬Å"I Have a Dreamâ⬠. On August 28, 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, this revolutionary civil rights leader through his stirring speech epitomized an objective for the black inhabitants of the America. His speech had the rationale to move billions of Americans
Monday, December 16, 2019
Biblical and secular perspectives on the causes of dysfunctional turnover Free Essays
Biblical and secular perspectives cause a dysfunctional turnover in business. A dysfunctional turn over refers to the kind of turnover where good performers leave the company. Many employees and especially high performers will leave their work or positions if their sincerely held religious believes practices and observances requested are not adhered to by the company managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Biblical and secular perspectives on the causes of dysfunctional turnover or any similar topic only for you Order Now Religious observances include praying, attending worship services, displaying of religious objects wearing of religious symbols and adhering to specific dietary rules. Determining whether a kind of practices is biblical or religious does not depend on the nature of a particular activity but on the motivation of the employee. This same practice might be engaged in by one person for biblical purposes and another person for specifically secular reasons. For example an employee might observe specific dietary restrictions for religious reasons while another employee will adhere to the very same dietary restrictions just for secular reasons. This might call for a reasonable accommodation if it is just for religious reason. Many employees do not feel good when their secular or religious believes are assumed by their employers and they will therefore end up leaving the work place. For example according to Christianity the bible says that every seventh day is a Sabbath day and therefore every one should rest. Someof the Christian employees hold this biblical saying with a lot of regard and therefore if an employer disregards this day then they may quit their jobs for no other reasons other than that. Dysfunctional turn over is also facilitated by secular reasons. For example some of the employers will want to have increased salaries, holidays, promotions nay many other worldly things. If the employee fails to provide this then many employees will end up quitting jobs. Secular employees are very hardworking and committed to their careers and puts God aside from their job. There are various strategies for increasing the retention of high performers. One of the strategies is the hiring of the right person. This is because the correct candidates are quickly in adopting the strategy referred to as ââ¬Å"train for skill hire for fitâ⬠. The other strategy is integration for success. This is because turnover can be brought down by the implementation of a thorough and well orientation program. The other strategy is phase training. This can be achieved if employees are provided with basic training at the outset but as the employees build time and experience with the company then further training can be offered according to the recognition of their growth. The other strategy is the provision of growth opportunities. This is because the more the employees feel that they have the ability to grow and even become more marketable then the more they are likely to stay. Nowadays employees are taking ownership of their carriers by recognizing the need to continuously upgrade and refine their skills. Employers who offer easily accessible and relevant kind of training tends to have a declined turnover. The other strategy is the alignment of aspirations with contributions. This can be achieved through the matching of interests and skills of the employees and their respective work assignments. This can be possible only if the employers provide an environment where employees have the capacity to make necessary adjustments so that they can be effectively aligned with what the company needs them to do and what they are talented and what they find to be enjoyable. The other strategy is the motivation of the troops; this can be done through the assessment of the underlying motivators for work beyond the paycheck or salary. The main factor in the motivation of employees is through the creation of the sense of affiliation within the company. This creates a two way kind of relationship based on the meeting of the mutual needs. Employees must be motivated to feel the sense of their purpose in the organization. The other strategy is the making of the rewards count. This strategy can be achieved through making all the employee rewards immediate, appropriate and personal. For instant employees find the receiving of a bonus check at the end of the year less or smaller compared to frequent payouts. The other strategy is the enlistment of problem solvers. This strategy can be achieved if and the employers invite the employees when solving the company problems. This is because a shared problem approach creates a deep ownership for employees in the companyââ¬â¢s triumph. Many companies with formal retention and succession plans tend to show low costs per new hire and also lower cost of separation per employee. This helps the human resource professionals in validation the retention costsuch as expensive benefits package which are vital to successful employee retention. High performing employees are always concentration on their work if they are given proper treatment and this leads to increased performance at work and reduced cost of production thus resulting into increased return on investment (Gardner, 1). How to cite Biblical and secular perspectives on the causes of dysfunctional turnover, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
The Girl With the Alice in Wonderland Tattoo free essay sample
When I see my breath on a cold morning for the first time, and the air temperature startles me, I canââ¬â¢t help but think whether or not this is the only type of weather that will be prevalent for the next nine months. During this season, the afternoons are pleasant, but the mornings are brutal. I dread the thought when every morning I must climb out of my bed where my body heat has been so nicely enclosed since the previous evening. This year, however, summer was not going to give up without a fight. It was the end of September, but it was about eighty degrees and extremely humid. I had to go to work, but I incorporated the weather into my wardrobe by wearing a tank top underneath my smock. I could tell, however, the customers were not going to embrace this sporadic occurrence like I was; maybe due to the fact that humidity makes people crankyâ⬠¦ It was now about seven oââ¬â¢clock at night, and the store was closing in about two hours. We will write a custom essay sample on The Girl With the Alice in Wonderland Tattoo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yes, two hours, but there was something that happened in those two hours that made them manageable. A girl. She was young, tall, and skinny, much like me. On her head, she wore a white beret that got lost in her bleached white hair, but most importantly her body was covered in colorful tattoos. The first one that stood out to me was the Alice in Wonderland one. I took the tender from my current customer, sent her on her way, and got ready to scan the Alice-in-Wonderland-girlââ¬â¢s groceries. I had barely started when she took a quick look down and blurted out, ââ¬Å"thatââ¬â¢s my name too!â⬠ââ¬Å"Really?â⬠I asked in return. ââ¬Å"I like your tattoos,â⬠I couldnââ¬â¢t help but saying. ââ¬Å"The Alice In Wonderland one is my favorite.â⬠She said each one represented a member of her wacky family, and that all her tattoos meant something. For example, one of my other favorites being a pair of eighth notes with paint brushes as the stems, representing an artsy person much like myself and her. After she left, I realized that that day I had met a piece of myself. We had the same name, but she wore my personality on her sleeve. Whatever inspired her to get those tattoos provoked me to notice her. While part of me wants to see her again, I know that mysteries stay mysteries for a reason, and whatever is meant to happen, will happen.
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